Tropidechis carinatus (KREFFT, 1863)

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Higher Taxa	Elapidae (Hydrophiinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Rough-scaled Snake, Clarence River Snake
Synonym	Hoplocephalus carinatus KREFFT 1863: 86 Hoplocephalus carinatus KREFFT 1863: 403 Tropidechis carinatus — GÜNTHER 1863: 383 Tropidechis carinatus — BOULENGER 1896: 350 Tropidechis carinatus — COGGER 1983: 237 Tropidechis carinatus — WELCH 1994: 117 Tropidechis carinatus — COGGER 2000: 694 Tropidechis sadlieri HOSER 2003 Tropidechis carinatus — WILSON & SWAN 2010 Tropidechis carinatus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 745 Tropidechis carinatus — MIRTSCHIN et al. 2017
Distribution	Australia (E Queensland, NE New South Wales) Type locality: “near Grafton, in the Clarence River District” [= vicinity of Grafton, NE New South Wales, Australia, 29°42’S, 152°56’E, elevation ~0 m].
Reproduction	ovovivparous
Types	Syntypes: lost fide COGGER 1983: 237, who only indicates a holotype (two specimens, fide Krefft (1869): from Clarence River, NSW, collected J.J. Wilcox. While Cogger states that Boulenger (1896) was in error in citing BMNH 1946.1.18.49 (formerly 64.1.17.45), Clarence River, presented G. Krefft, as one of the types, it is possible that it is one of the two specimens, although it does not have the measurements and scale counts recorded by Krefft in his description.
Diagnosis
Comment	Venomous! Synonymy: Tropidechis sadlieri is probably a synonym of T. carinatus (Wilson & Swan 2008, Wüster, pers. comm., 15 Dec 2010). Type species: Hoplocephalus carinatus KREFFT 1863: 86 is the type species of the genus Tropidechis GÜNTHER 1863. Krefft apparently described this species as new in multiple independent journals.
Etymology	Named after Latin “carinatus” = keeled (like a ship).
References	Beard, D. J. 1979. Rough-scaled snake, Tropidechis carinatus. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 10: 26-28 Beard, Donald J. 1981. Literature: Rough-Scaled Snake, Tropidechis carinatus. Litteratura Serpentium 1 (6): 256 - get paper here Boulenger, G.A. 1896. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum, Vol. 3. London (Taylor & Francis), xiv + 727 pp. - get paper here Cogger, H. G. 2014. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia, 7th ed. CSIRO Publishing, xxx + 1033 pp. - get paper here Cogger, H.G. 2000. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia, 6th ed. Ralph Curtis Publishing, Sanibel Island, 808 pp. Günther. A. 1863. Third account of new species of snakes in the collection of the British Museum. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 12: 348 - 365 - get paper here Hoser, R. 2003. The rough-scaled snakes, genus Tropidechis (Serpentes: Elapidae), including the description of a new species from far north Queensland, Australia. Crocodilian, 4 (2): 11-14. - get paper here Kaiser, H.; Crother, B.I.; Kelly, C.M.R.; Luiselli, L.; O’Shea, M.; Ota, H.; Passos, P.; Schleip, W.D. & Wüster, W. 2013. Best Practices: In the 21st Century, Taxonomic Decisions in Herpetology are Acceptable Only When Supported by a Body of Evidence and Published via Peer-Review. Herpetological Review 44 (1): 8-23 Krefft, G. 1863. Description of a new species of Hoplocephalus with keeled scales. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 12: 403-404 - get paper here Krefft, G. 1863. Description of a new species of Hoplocephalus with keeled scales. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1863: 86 - get paper here Mirtschin, P., Rasmussen, A.R. & Weinstein, S.A. 2017. Australia’s Dangerous snakes. CSIRO Publishing, 424 pp. - get paper here O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here Puschendorf, Robert and Voyles, Jamie 2017. Tropidechis carinatus (Rough-scaled Snake) and Pseudechis porphyriacus (Red-bellied Black Snake) Predation / Diet. Herpetological Review 48 (1): 220-221 - get paper here Shine, R.;Charles, N. 1982. Ecology of the Australian elapid snake Tropidechis carinatus. Journal of Herpetology 16 (4): 383-387 - get paper here Shine, Richard; Claire Goiran, Catherine Shilton, Shai Meiri, Gregory P Brown 2019. The life aquatic: an association between habitat type and skin thickness in snakes. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, blz136 - get paper here Swan, G.; Sadlier, R.; Shea, G. 2017. A field guide to reptiles of New South Wales. Reed New Holland, 328 pp. Trinca, J. C., Graydon, J. J., Covacevich, J. & Limpus, C. 1971. The rough-scaled snake (Tropidechis carinatus) a dangerously venomous Australian snake. Med. J Aust. 1971: 801-809 - get paper here Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp. Wilson, S. & Swan, G. 2010. A complete guide to reptiles of Australia, 3rd ed. Chatswood: New Holland, 558 pp.
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information http://www.kingsnake.com/oz/snakes/elapids/elapids.htm http://www.amonline.net.au/herpetology/research/pdf/elapidae.pdf http://zoobank.org/6E91FE2B-A4E7-4A7E-BD68-A9C883760883 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:823DA8CA-9F68-444A-8460… http://www.qmuseum.qld.gov.au/features/snakes/snakedetail.asp?TaxName… http://www.arod.com.au/arod/reptilia/Squamata/Elapidae/Tropidechis… Google images

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