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Acanthosaura armata (GRAY, 1827)

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Higher TaxaAgamidae (Draconinae), Sauria, Iguania, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Armored Pricklenape, Peninsular Horned Tree Lizard
G: Grosser Nackenstachler
Chinese: 长棘蜥 
SynonymAgama armata GRAY in HARDWICKE 1827 (non Agama armata PETERS 1854)
Lophyurus armatus — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1837: 413
Gonyocephalus (Acanthosaurus) armatus — FITZINGER 1843
Acanthosaura armata GRAY 1845
Acanthosaura armata — GÜNTHER 1864
Acanthosaura armata — BOULENGER 1885: 301
Agama armata — GOUGH 1909
Acanthosaura armata — DE ROOIJ 1915: 125
Goniocephalus armatus armatus — SMITH 1935: 158
Acanthosaura armata — TAYLOR 1963: 866
Goniocephalus armatus — HENDRICKSON 1966: 64
Acanthosaura armata— WERMUTH 1967: 1
Acanthosaura armata — MANTHEY & GROSSMANN 1997: 154
Acanthosaura armata — COX et al. 1998: 92
Acanthosaura armata — MANTHEY & SCHUSTER 1999: 17
Acanthosaura armata — GRISMER 2011
Acanthosaura armata — GRISMER & QUAH 2019
Acanthasaura armata — BADLI-SHAM et al. 2019 (in error) 
DistributionChina (Hainan), Myanmar (= Burma), S Thailand,
Malaysian peninsula, Indonesia (Sumatra),
Palau Pinang, Pulau Tioman

Type locality: see comment  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesTypes: BMNH 1946.8.13.88, 1946.8.13.85, Types “Singapore” (fide WOOD et al. 2010). 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus): Acanthosaura species are robust, medium sized (SVL about 80–160 mm) with relatively short tails TL/SVL 1–2, laterally compressed body and relatively short legs. The genus can be separated from all other draconinae genera by small, granulated dorsal/lateral scales intermixed with larger, tuberculate or rhombic scales; a naked tympanum; nuchal crest always present, dorsal crest present or reduced to a serrated ridge; post orbital spine present and mostly another spine on the side of the neck (U. Manthey, pers. comm., 3 Aug 2021). 
CommentType species: Agama armata GRAY in HARDWICKE 1827 is the type species of the genus Acanthosaura GRAY in GRIFFITH 1831.

Distribution: see map in Trivalarat et al. 2020: 17 (Fig. 5). The type locality “Singapore” is in error; not in Singapore or not established there (Figueroa et al. 2023).

Key: Ananjeva et al. 2008 have a key to the Vietnamese species of Acanthosaura. 
References
  • Akeret, B. 2010. Kletterpflanzen und Epiphyten - Charaktergewächse im Wladterrarium. Draco 11 (41): 54-63 - get paper here
  • Badli-Sham, B.H., Ayob, M., Halim, M.F.A., Mustafa, S.K., Ismail, N.F., Andam, J., Belabut, D.M. & Ahmad, A.B. 2019. HERPETOFAUNA IN SOUTHERN PART OF PULAU TIOMAN, PAHANG, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA. Journal of Wildlife and Parks, 34: 23-38 (2019) 23 - get paper here
  • Bonetti, Mathilde 2002. 100 Sauri. Mondadori (Milano), 192 pp. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. Geckonidae, Eublepharidae, Uroplatidae, Pygopodidae, Agamidae. London: 450 pp. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, George A. 1890. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. Taylor & Francis, London, xviii, 541 pp. - get paper here
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  • Chan-ard,T.; Grossmann,W.; Gumprecht,A. & Schulz,K. D. 1999. Amphibians and reptiles of peninsular Malaysia and Thailand - an illustrated checklist [bilingual English and German]. Bushmaster Publications, Würselen, Gemany, 240 pp. [book review in Russ. J Herp. 7: 87] - get paper here
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