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Anolis richardii DUMÉRIL & BIBRON, 1837

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Higher TaxaAnolidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Grenada Tree Anole 
SynonymAnolis Richardi DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1837: 141
Anolis occipitalis GRAY 1840: 112
Anolis stenodactylus GRAY 1840: 114
Ptychonotus (Ctenodeira) richardii — FITZINGER 1843: 66
Anolis richardii — BOULENGER 1885: 37
Anolis trossulus GARMAN 1887: 38
Anolis trossulus — BARBOUR 1916
Anolis richardii richardii — UNDERWOOD in WILLIAMS et al. 1959
Anolis richardii — LAZELL 1972
Anolis richardi — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1991: 324
Anolis richardii — NICHOLSON et al. 2005
Dactyloa richardii — NICHOLSON et al. 2012
Dactyloa richardii — NICHOLSON et al. 2018 
DistributionLesser Antilles: Grenadines, Grenada,Tobago, St. Vincent (SCHMIDT 1980)
Suriname (introduced according to HOOGMOED 1981: 281)

Type locality: “Tortola”. Revised to “Crown Point, Tobago” by Lazell 1972.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: MNHN-RA 0788 (by monotypy); erroneously MNHN Ig. 53 (fide Underwood 1959)
Syntypes: ANSP 23012; West Indies, Grenada; UMMZ, MCZ, USNM 39289 [trossulus] 
Diagnosis 
CommentSynonymy after Lazell 1972.

Distribution: According to Lazell (1972), “the species does not, and never did, occur on this small island [Tortola] in the British Virgins. I assume this to be a blunder, and suspect the real type locality as the somewhat similar sounding Tobago. I, therefore, revise the type locality to Crown Point, Tobago, where this species is abundant.”

Species groups: Dactyloa roquet species group (fide NICHOLSON et al. 2012). 
References
  • Barbour, T. 1916. Amphibians and reptiles of Tobago. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 29: 221-224 - get paper here
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2, Second edition. London, xiii+497 pp. - get paper here
  • Creer, Douglas A., Kevin de Queiroz, Todd R. Jackman, Jonathan B. Losos and Allan Larson 2001. Systematics of the Anolis roquet series of the southern Lesser Antillies. Journal of Herpetology 35 (3): 428-441 - get paper here
  • Daudin, Jacques; de Silva, Mark. 2007. An annotated checklist of the amphibians and terrestrial reptiles of the Grenadines with notes on their local natural history and conservation. Applied Herpetology 4 (2):163-175 - get paper here
  • Duméril, A. M. C. and G. Bibron. 1837. Erpétologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complete des Reptiles. Vol. 4. Libr. Encyclopédique Roret, Paris, 570 pp. - get paper here
  • Fitzinger, L. 1843. Systema Reptilium, fasciculus primus, Amblyglossae. Braumüller et Seidel, Wien: 106 pp. - get paper here
  • Garman, S. 1887. On West Indian reptiles. Iguanidae. Bull. Essex Inst. 19: 25-50. - get paper here
  • Gemel, R.; G. Gassner & S. Schweiger 2019. Katalog der Typen der Herpetologischen Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien – 2018. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 121: 33–248
  • Gorman, G.C. 1969. The zoogeography of Lesser Antillean Anolis lizards; an analysis based upon chromosomes and lactic dehydrogenases. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 138 (3): 53-80. - get paper here
  • Gorman, George C. & Atkins, Leonard 1968. The relationships of the Anolis of the roquet species group (Sauria: Iguanidae). III. Comparative study of display behavior. Breviora (284): 1-31 - get paper here
  • Helmus, Matthew R.; Jocelyn E. Behm, Wendy A.M. Jesse, Jason J. Kolbe,Jacintha Ellers, and Jonathan B. Losos 2016. EXOTICS EXHIBIT MORE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY THAN NATIVES: A COMPARISON OF THE ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF EXOTIC AND NATIVE ANOLE LIZARDS. In: Invasion Genetics: The Baker and Stebbins Legacy, First Edition. Edited by Spencer C. H. Barrett, Robert I. Colautti, Katrina M. Dlugosch, and Loren H. Rieseberg; John Wiley & Sons, pp. 122-138 (publication year given as 2017 in the book) - get paper here
  • Hite, Jessica L.; Gomez, Carlos A. Rodriguez; Larimer, Samantha C.; Diaz-Lameiro, Alondra M.; Powell, Robert. 2008. Anoles of St. Vincent (Squamata: Polychrotidae): population densities and structural habitat use. Carib. J. Sci. 44 (1):102-115 - get paper here
  • Hoogmoed, M. S. 1981. Introduced species of reptiles in Surinam. Notes on the herpetofauna of Surinam VIII. Amphibia-Reptilia 1: 277-285 - get paper here
  • KÖHLER, GUNTHER 2014. Characters of external morphology used in Anolis taxonomy—Definition of terms, advice on usage, and illustrated examples. Zootaxa 3774 (2): 201–257 - get paper here
  • Lazell,J.D. 1972. The anoles (Sauria: Iguanidae) of the lesser Antilles. Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harvard 143 (1): 1-115 - get paper here
  • Malhotra, A. & Thorpe, R.S. 1999. Reptiles & Amphibians of the Eastern Caribbean. MacMillan, London & Oxford
  • Mertens, R. 1972. Herpetofauna tobagana. Stuttgarter Beitr. zur Naturkunde nr. 252 22 pp. - get paper here
  • Nicholson, K. E., R. E. Glor, J. J. Kolbe, A. Larson, S. B. Hedges, and J. B. Losos 2005. Mainland colonization by island lizards. Journal of Biogeography 32: 929–938 - get paper here
  • NICHOLSON, KIRSTEN E.; BRIAN I. CROTHER, CRAIG GUYER & JAY M. SAVAGE 2012. It is time for a new classification of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae). Zootaxa 3477: 1–108 - get paper here
  • NICHOLSON, KIRSTEN E.; BRIAN I. CROTHER, CRAIG GUYER & JAY M. SAVAGE 2018. Translating a clade based classification into one that is valid under the international code of zoological nomenclature: the case of the lizards of the family Dactyloidae (Order Squamata). Zootaxa 4461 (4): 573–586 - get paper here
  • POCHE, A. J. Jr. & POWELL, R. & HENDERSON, R. W. 2005. Sleep-site selection and fidelity in Grenadian Anoles. Herpetozoa 18: 3-10 - get paper here
  • Poe, S. 2004. Phylogeny of anoles. Herpetological Monographs 18: 37-89 - get paper here
  • Poe, S. 2013. 1986 Redux: New genera of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae) are unwarranted. Zootaxa 3626 (2): 295–299 - get paper here
  • Roughgarden, J. 1995. Anolis Lizards of the Caribbean: Ecology, Evolution, and Plate Tectonics. OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 200 pp.
  • Schmidt, J. 1980. Warum eigentlich immer Anolis carolinensis? Teil 2. Herpetofauna 2 (5): 22-25 - get paper here
  • Schwartz, A. & Henderson, R.W. 1991. Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 720 pp.
  • Simmons, P. M., B. T. Greene, K. E. Williamson, R. Powell and J. S. J. Parmerlee 2005. Ecological interactions within a lizard community on Grenada. Herpetologica 61 (2): 124-134 - get paper here
  • Thorpe, R. S., Barlow, A., Malhotra, A. and Surget-Groba, Y. 2015. Widespread parallel population adaptation to climate variation across a radiation: implications for adaptation to climate change. Molecular Ecology 24: 1019–1030. doi: 10.1111/mec.13093 - get paper here
  • Thorpe, R. S., Barlow, A., Surget-Groba, Y., & Malhotra, A. 2018. Multilocus phylogeny, species age and biogeography of the Lesser Antillean anoles. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution - get paper here
  • Williams, Ernest E.; Quesnel, Victor C.; Kenny, Julian S.; Underwood,G. 1959. The anoles of the Eastern Caribbean (Sauria, Iguanidae) Part. I. Preface; Part II. Two sibling species of anoles in Trinidad; Part. III. Revisionary notes. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 121 (5): 185-226 + 1 plate - get paper here
 
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