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Anomalopus leuckartii (WEINLAND, 1862)

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Higher TaxaScincidae, Sphenomorphinae (Sphenomorphini), Scincoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Two-clawed Worm-skink 
SynonymBrachymeles leuckartii WEINLAND 1862: 140 (nomen oblitum)
Anomalopus leuckartii WEINLAND 1862 (?)
Anomalopus lentiginosus DE VIS 1888: 823
Lygosoma bancrofti LONGMAN 1916
Lygosoma verreauxii biunguiculata OUDEMANS 1894
Lygosoma verreauxii biungulata — ZIETZ 1920: 219 (in error)
Lygosoma bankrofti — ZIETZ 1920: 219 (in error)
Lygosoma verreauxii biunguiculata — DAAN & HILLENIUS 1966: 134
Lygosoma leuckhartii WELLS & WELLINGTON 1985
Anomalopus lentiginosus — COGGER 1983
Anomalopus leuckartii — GREER & COGGER 1985: 19
Anomalopus bellamii
Anomalopus leuckartii — COGGER 2000: 384
Anomalopus leuckartii — WILSON & SWAN 2010 
DistributionAustralia (New South Wales, Queensland)

Type locality: Australia
Type locality: Brisbane, Qld. [lentiginosus]  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesLectotype: MTD (= MTKD) 10205, (formerly MTKD RVa316, formerly in LM as #19 in 1869/70, formerly in MG), New Holland, presented to LM by Leuckart, designated by Mecke et al 2016; from Australia; the neotype designation of AM R 44677 by Greer & Cogger (1985) is invalid (Mecke et al. 2016).
Syntypes: QM, not found fide Covacevich (1971) [lentiginosus]
Syntypes: ZMA.RENA 11398-9, from Burnett River, Qld. [L. verreauxii biunguiculata]
Holotype: QM J2560, from Gyranda, Dawson River (as Upper Dawson River), Qld. [bancrofti] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: The only species of Anomalopus with the digital formula 2-1, the front leg bearing 2 very short clawed toes and the rear leg represented by a clawless nubbin (clawed on the right side in AM R 47480). Differs from the only other lygosomine with the 2/1 digital formula (Larutia miodactylus) in having a complete series of large, subocular scales and more paravertebral scales (108-128 vs 96-103) (GREER & COGGER 1985: 19). 
CommentSynonymy after COGGER 1983 and Shea & Sadlier 1999.

Limb morphology: 2 digits, 0 toes (Reduced limbs, Singhal et al. 2018, Skinner 2010) 
EtymologyNamed after Professor Dr. Karl Georg Friedrich Rudolf Leuckart (1822-1898), German morphologist, parasitologist, and zoologist, mostly in Leipzig. 
References
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Cogger, H. G. 2014. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia, 7th ed. CSIRO Publishing, xxx + 1033 pp. - get paper here
  • Cogger, H.G. 2000. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia, 6th ed. Ralph Curtis Publishing, Sanibel Island, 808 pp.
  • Couper, P., Covacevich, J., Amey, A. & Baker, A. 2006. The genera of skinks (Family Scincidae) of Australia and its island territories: diversity, distribution and identification. in: Merrick, J.R., Archer, M., Hickey, G.M. & Lee, M.S.Y. (eds.). Evolution and Zoogeography of Australasian Vertebrates. Australian Scientific Publishing, Sydney, pp. 367-384
  • Covacevich, J. 1971. Amphibian and reptile type specimens in the Queensland Museum. [type catalogue] Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 16: 49-68 - get paper here
  • Daan, S. & Hillenius,D. 1966. Catalogue of the type specimens of amphibians and reptiles in the Zoological Museum, Amsterdam. Beaufortia 13: 117-144
  • De Vis, C. W. 1888. A contribution to the herpetology of Queensland. Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales (2) 2: 811-826 [1887] - get paper here
  • Escoriza Boj, D. 2005. Australia. Reptiles and Amphibians, Part 1: Rainforest. Reptilia (GB) (40): 70-75 - get paper here
  • Greer A E; Cogger H G 1985. Systematics of the reduce-limbed and limbless skinks currently assigned to the genus Anomalopus (Lacertilia: Scincidae). Rec. Austral. Mus. 37(1) 1985: 11-54 - get paper here
  • Hutchinson, M. N., Couper, P., Amey, A., & Wilmer, J. W. 2021. Diversity and Systematics of Limbless Skinks (Anomalopus) from Eastern Australia and the Skeletal Changes that Accompany the Substrate Swimming Body Form. Journal of Herpetology 55 (4): 361-384 - get paper here
  • Kay, G.M.; D. Michael; M. Crane; S. Okada; C. MacGregor; D. Florance; D. Trengove; L. McBurney; D. Blair; D.B. Lindenmayer. 2013. A list of reptiles and amphibians from Box Gum Grassy Woodlands in south-eastern Australia. Check List 9 (3):476-481 - get paper here
  • Longman, H. A. 1916. Snakes and lizards from Queensland and the Northern Territory. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 5: 46-51 - get paper here
  • Mecke, Sven; Felix Mader, Max Kieckbusch, Hinrich Kaiser, Wolfgang Böhme & Raffael Ernst 2016. Tracking a syntype of the Australian skink Anomalopus leuckartii (Weinland,1862): ‘lost’ treasures in the Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden highlight the importance of reassessing and safe­ guarding natural history collections. Vertebrate Zoology 66 (2):169–177
  • Oudemans, J. Th. 1894. Eidechsen und Schildkröten. In Semon, R. Zoologische Forschungsreisen in Australien und dem Malayischen Archipel. Denkschriften der Medicinisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena, 8:127—146 - get paper here
  • Singhal, Sonal; Huateng Huang, Maggie R. Grundler, María R. Marchán-Rivadeneira, Iris Holmes, Pascal O. Title, Stephen C. Donnellan, and Daniel L. Rabosky 2018. Does Population Structure Predict the Rate of Speciation? A Comparative Test across Australia’s Most Diverse Vertebrate Radiation. The American Naturalist - get paper here
  • Skinner, Adam; Mark N. Hutchinson, Michael S.Y. Lee 2013. Phylogeny and Divergence Times of Australian Sphenomorphus Group Skinks (Scincidae, Squamata). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 69 (3): 906–918 - get paper here
  • Swan, G.; Sadlier, R.; Shea, G. 2017. A field guide to reptiles of New South Wales. Reed New Holland, 328 pp.
  • Weinland, D. F 1863. Beschreibung und Abbildung von drei neuen Sauriern. (Embryopus Habichii und Amphisbaena innocens von Haiti, und Brachymeles Leuckarti von Neuholland.). Abh. senckenb. naturf. Ges. (Frankfurt) 4: 131-143 [1862] - get paper here
  • Wilson, S. & Swan, G. 2010. A complete guide to reptiles of Australia, 3rd ed. Chatswood: New Holland, 558 pp.
  • Zietz, F. R. 1920. Catalogue of Australian lizards. Rec. South Austral. Mus. 1: 181-228 - get paper here
 
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