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Aspidelaps scutatus (SMITH, 1849)

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Higher TaxaElapidae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesAspidelaps scutatus fulafulus (BIANCONI 1849)
Aspidelaps scutatus intermedius BROADLEY 1968
Aspidelaps scutatus scutatus (SMITH 1849) 
Common NamesE: scutatus: Common Shield Cobra, Shield-nose Snake
fulafula: Eastern Shield Cobra, Eastern Shield-nose Snake
intermedius: Intermediate Shield Cobra, Intermediate Shield-nose Snake,
G: Schildnasenkobra, Schildkobra 
SynonymAspidelaps scutatus scutatus (SMITH 1849)
Cyrtophis scutatus SMITH 1849: 22
Crytophis [sic] scutatus SMITH 1849 (fide HARDING & WELCH 1980)
Cyrtophis scutatus — PETERS 1882: 139
Aspidelaps scutatus — BOULENGER 1896: 391
Aspidelaps scutatus bachrani MERTENS 1954: 215
Aspidelaps scutatus scutatus — BRANCH 1981: 7
Aspidelaps scutatus scutatus — WELCH 1994: 19
Aspidelaps scutatus scutatus — AUERBACH 1987: 195
Aspidelaps scutatus scutatus — BROADLEY & BLAYLOCK 2013
Aspidelaps scutatus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 57
Aspidelaps scutatus scutatus — KEMP & CONRADIE 2017
Aspidelaps scutatus — SCHLEICHER 2020

Aspidelaps scutatus fulafulus (BIANCONI 1849: 108)
Naja fula-fula BIANCONI 1849: 108
Naia fula-fula BIANCONI 1850: 211
Aspidelaps scutatus — BOULENGER 1896: 391
Aspidelaps scutatus fulafula — BRANCH 1981: 9
Aspidelaps scutatus fulafula — JACOBSEN et al. 2010
Aspidelaps scutatus fulafula — PIETERSEN et al. 2013
Aspidelaps scutatus fulafula — BROADLEY & BLAYLOCK 2013

Aspidelaps scutatus intermedius BROADLEY 1968
Aspidelaps scutatus intermedius BROADLEY 1968
Aspidelaps scutatus intermedius — BRANCH 1981: 8
Aspidelaps scutatus intermedius — WELCH 1994: 19
Aspidelaps scutatus intermedius — BOYCOTT 1992
Aspidelaps scutatus intermedius — DOBIEY & VOGEL 2007
Aspidelaps scutatus intermedius — BATES et al. 2014: 395 
DistributionNamibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, NE Republic of South Africa, Mozambique

scutatus: Namibia, Botswana, SW Zimbabwe, NE Transvaal

fulafula: SE Zimbabwe, S Mozambique

intermedius: E Transvaal, Swaziland

Type locality: “Kaffirland and the country toward Natal”  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesType: BMNH 1946.1.17.83 (and possibly additional specimens).
Holotype: DNMNH (= TM) 5434, adult male, collected by Mr. Dreyer Dec 1896. [intermedius]
Holotype: MZUB (?), collected by C. Fornasini between 1842 and 1847 [fulafulus] 
Diagnosis 
CommentVenomous!

BROADLEY (1990) considered A. s. bachrani only as a color variant but not a subspecies of A. scutatus. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin scutum = an oblong shield and scutatus = armed with a shield, an allusion to the broad snout plate which is used for digging (Gotch 1986). 
References
  • Auerbach, R.D. 1987. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Botswana. Mokwepa Consultants, Botswana, 295 pp.
  • Bates, M.F.; Branch, W.R., Bauer, A.M.; Burger, M., Marais, J.; Alexander, G.J. & de Villliers, M.S. (eds.) 2014. Atlas and Red List of the Reptiles of South Africa, Lesotho, and Swaziland. Suricata 1. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 512 pp.
  • Bianconi, J. J. 1849. Lettera al Dottore Filippo de–Filippi, Professore di Zoologia a Torino sopra alcune nuove specie di rettili del Mozambico. Nuovi Ann. Sci. Nat. Bologna (ser. 2) 10: 106-109 [1848] - get paper here
  • Bianconi, J.J. 1850. Specimina Zoologica Mosambicana III. Mem. Acad. Sci. Ist. Bologna 1: 199-216 + 2 plates - get paper here
  • Böhm, H.-U. & Oellers, R. 1987. Bemerkungen zur Haltung und Nachzucht von Vertretern der Elapiden-Gattung Aspidelaps FITZNGER 1843. Herpetofauna 9 (51): 15-18 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1896. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum, Vol. 3. London (Taylor & Francis), xiv + 727 pp. - get paper here
  • BOURQUIN, O. & V. GRUENER 2017. A NOTE ON THE HERPETOFAUNA OF MODISA CAMP (BOTSWANA) AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. African Herp News (64): 9-26 - get paper here
  • Boycott, R.C. 1992. An Annotated Checklist of the Amphibians and Reptiles of Swaziland. The Conservation Trust of Swaziland - get paper here
  • Branch, W. R. 1981. The venomous snakes of southern Africa 2. Elapidae and Hydrophidae. Bull. Maryland Herp. Soc. 17 (1): 1-47 - get paper here
  • Branch, William R. 1993. A Photographic Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of Southern Africa. Cape Town: Struik Publishers, 144 S.
  • Branch, William R. & Bauer, Aaron M. 2005. The herpetological contributions of Sir Andrew Smith. SSAR, 80 pp.
  • Broadley, D. & Blaylock 2013. The Snakes of Zimbabwe and Botswana. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 387 pp. [book review in Sauria 35 (2): 59 and Copeia 2014: 388] - get paper here
  • Broadley, D.G. 1959. The herpetology of Southern Rhodesia. Part I--the snakes. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 120 (1): 1-100 [reprint 1972] - get paper here
  • Broadley, D.G. 1962. On some reptile collections from the North-Western and North-Eastern Districts of Southern Rhodesia 1958-1961, with descriptions of four new lizards. Occ. Pap. Nat. Mus. South. Rhodesia 26 (B): 787-843
  • Broadley, D.G. 1968. A revision of Aspidelaps scutatus (A. Smith) (Serpentes: Elapinae). Arnoldia 4 (2): 1-9
  • Broadley, Donald G., and Andrew S. Baldwin 2006. Taxonomy, natural history, and zoogeography of the Southern African Shield Cobras, Genus Aspidelaps (Serpentes: Elapidae). Herpetological Natural History 9 (2): 163-176.
  • Dobiey, M. & Vogel, G. 2007. Venomous Snakes of Africa - Giftschlangen Afrikas. Edition Chimaira, Terralog 15, 150 pp. - get paper here
  • Fitzsimons, V.F.M.; Brain, C.K. 1958. A Short account of the Reptiles of the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park. Koedoe, 1(1): 99-104 - get paper here
  • Gotch, A. F. 1986. Reptiles - Their Latin Names Explained. Blndford Press, 176 pp.
  • Haacke, W.D. 1993. Geographical Distribution - Aspidelaps scutatus scutatus. J. Herp. Assoc. Africa (42): 42-42 - get paper here
  • Haagner, G. V. 1991. Life History Note: Aspidelaps scutatus: Reproduction. J. Herp. Assoc. Africa (39): 26-26 - get paper here
  • Haagner, G.V.; Carpenter, G. 1990. Venoms and Snakebite: Aspidelaps scutatus scutatus: Envenomation. J. Herp. Assoc. Africa (37): 60-60 - get paper here
  • Haagner, G.V.; Morgan, D.R. 1992. Captive Biology of the Shield - Nosed Snake, Aspidelaps scutatus intermedius. J. Herp. Assoc. Africa (40): 90-94 - get paper here
  • Herrmann, H.-W.; W.R. Branch 2013. Fifty years of herpetological research in the Namib Desert and Namibia with an updated and annotated species checklist. Journal of Arid Environments 93: 94–115 - get paper here
  • Jacobsen, Niels H.G.; Errol W. Pietersen & Darren W. Pietersen 2010. A preliminary herpetological survey of the Vilanculos Coastal Wildlife Sanctuary on the San Sebastian Peninsula, Vilankulo, Mozambique. Herpetology Notes 3: 181-193
  • KEMP, L. & W. CONRADIE 2017. ELAPIDAE: Aspidelaps scutatus scutatus A. Smith 1849 Common Shield Cobra - COMMON SHIELD COBRA IN SOUTH AFRICA. African Herp News (65): 42-44 - get paper here
  • Knauf, S. & Schmidt, P. 2003. Zur Haltung und Zucht der Schildnasenkobra Aspidelaps scutatus scutatus (SMITH, 1848) mit Anmerkungen zu den Unterarten (Serpentes: Elapidae). Sauria (Berlin) 25 (1): 11-18 - get paper here
  • Mertens, R. 1954. Neue Schlangenrassen aus Südwest- und Südafrika. Zool. Anz. 152: 213-219
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • Peters,W. 1882. Naturwissenschaftliche Reise nach Mossambique auf Befehl seiner Majestät es Königs Friedrich Wilhelm IV. in den Jahren 1842 bis 1848 ausgefeführt von Wilhelm C. Peters. Zoologie III. Amphibien. Berlin (Reimer), 191pp.
  • Pietersen, Darren W. Pietersen, Errol W. Haacke, Wulf D. 2013. First herpetological appraisal of the Parque Nacional de Banhine, Gaza Province, southern Mozambique. Annals of the Ditsong National Museum of Natural History 3: 153-163 - get paper here
  • Reissig, Jens, Craig Van Rensburg and Campbell Shaw. 2015. Geographic Distribution. Aspidelaps scutatus fulafula Bianconi, 1849, Eastern Shield Cobra. African Herp News (62): 43-44 - get paper here
  • Rensberg, Craig van 2007. The Lebombo or Intermediate Shield Cobra, Aspidelaps scutatus intermedius (Serpentes: Elapidae). Captive husbandry, reproduction and maintenance of young. Litteratura Serpentium 27 (2): 77-91 - get paper here
  • Schleicher, Alfred 2015. Reptilien Namibias. Namibia Scientific  Society, 276 pp.
  • Schleicher, Alfred 2020. Reptiles of Namibia. Kuiseb Publishers, Windhoek, Namibia, 271 pp.
  • Shine, Richard;Haagner, Gerald V.;Branch, William R.;Harlow, Peter S.;Webb, Jonathan K. 1996. Natural history of the African Shieldnose snake Aspidelaps scutatus (Serpentes, Elapidae). Journal of Herpetology 30 (3): 361-366 - get paper here
  • Smith, A. 1849. Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa. 3 (Reptiles). Smith, Elder, and Co., London [facsimile published by Winchester Press, Johannesburg, 1977] - get paper here
  • Spawls, S., Branch, B. 1995. The Dangerous Snakes of Africa. Blandford, London, 192 pp.
  • Sternfeld, R. 1910. Zur Schlangenfauna Deutsch-Südwestafrikas. Mehrere Fälle von Mimikry bei afrikanischen Schlangen. Mitt. zool. Mus. Berlin, 5: 51-60 - get paper here
  • Tolley KA, Telford NS, Makhubo BG, Power RJ, Alexander GJ 2023. Filling the gap: Noteworthy herpetological discoveries in North West Province, South Africa. Zoosystematics and Evolution 99(1): 101-116 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Werner, F. 1902. Über westafrikanische Reptilien. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 52: 332-348
  • Werner,F. 1910. Reptilia et Amphibia. In Schultze, L., Zoologische und anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise im westlichen und zentralen Südafrika. Band IV, Systematik und Tiergeographie Vertebrata B. Denkschr. Med.-Nat. Wiss. GeselI. Jena 16: 279-370 [1910] - get paper here
 
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