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Aspidoscelis sackii (WIEGMANN, 1834)

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Higher TaxaTeiidae, Teiinae, Gymnophthalmoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards) 
SubspeciesAspidoscelis sackii sackii (WIEGMANN 1834)
Aspidoscelis sackii bocourti (BOULENGER 1885)
Aspidoscelis sackii gigas (DAVIS & SMITH 1952) 
Common NamesE: Sack’s Spotted Whiptail
S: Campeche
S: Cuiji Moteado Gigante [gigas]
E: Giant Spotted Whiptail [gigas] 
SynonymCnemidophorus sackii WIEGMANN 1834: 28
Cnemidophorus mexicanus PETERS 1870: 62
Cnemidophorus costatus COPE 1878: 95
Cnemidophorus mexicanus balsas GADOW 1906: 363
Cnemidophorus communis australis GADOW 1906: 352
Cnemidophorus mexicanus typica GADOW 1906: 360
Cnemidophorus sexlineatus sackii — BURT 1931: 73
Cnemidophorus sackii sackii — SMITH 1949: 41
Cnemidophorus sackii sackii — SMITH & TAYLOR 1950: 180
Cnemidophorus sackii australis — SMITH & TAYLOR 1950: 181
Cnemidophorus sacki sacki — MASLIN & SECOY 1986
Cnemidophorus sackii — LINER 1994
Cnemidophorus sackiecki
Aspidoscelis sacki — REEDER et al. 2002
Aspidoscelis sackii — MATA-SILVA et al. 2015

Aspidoscelis sackii bocourti (BOULENGER 1885)
Cnemidophorus bocourti BOULENGER 1885: 367
Cnemidophorus communis bocourti — GADOW 1906: 356
Cnemidophorus communis copei — GADOW 1906: 350
Cnemidophorus sackii bocourti — SMITH 1946: 69
Cnemidophorus sackii bocourti — MERTENS 1952: 55
Cnemidophorus sexlineatus sackii — BOCOURT 1874: 276
Cnemidophorus sackii — SCHMIDT & STUART 1941: 244

Aspidoscelis sackii gigas (DAVIS & SMITH 1952)
Cnemidophorus sackii gigas DAVIS & SMITH 1952
Cnemidophorus sacki gigas — MASLIN & SECOY 1986
Aspidoscelis sacki gigas — REEDER et al. 2002
Cnemidophorus sackii gigas — CASTRO-FRANCO & BUSTOS-ZAGAL 2003
Aspidoscelis sackii gigas — LINER & CASAS-ANDREU 2008 
DistributionMexico (Michoacán, Morelos, Guerrero, Puebla, Chiapas, Oaxaca, México [HR 31: 184], Tamaulipas)

australis: Foothills about the C Oaxacan highlands, excluding the Balsas Basin, in the upper headwaters of the Río Papaloapam and Río Tehuantepec, and near the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. Type locality: Not specified. Lagunas or Cuicatlán, Oaxaca. Restricted to Cuicatlán, Oaxaca by SMITH & TAYLOR 1950.

balsas: Type locality: Mexico: Yautepec, Morelos;

bocourti: Uplands from C Oaxaca through C Chiapas into C Guatemala, El Salvador; Type locality: “Mexico” and “California”. Restricted to Oaxaca, Oaxaca, by SMITH & TAYLOR 1950.

gigas: Mexico (Morelos).

mariarum: Tres Marías Island. Type locality: Tres Marías Island.

sackii: Río Balsas Valley: Morelos, Guerrero, Puebla, Michoacán. Type locality: Mexico. Restricted to Cuernavaca, Morelos by SMITH & TAYLOR 1950. Further restricted to “Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico” by DUELLMAN & ZWEIFEL 1962.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: ZMB 884 (sackii)
Lectotype: BNH 1906.7.19.11 (australis; designated by SMITH & TAYLOR 1950)
Syntypes: BMNH 1857.10.28.81 [bocourti]
Syntypes: BMNH 1881.10.1.81-82, 86-88 [mariarum]
Syntype: UIMNH 39955 (formerly CNHM 1350) [balsas]
Holotype: TCWC 6804; female; J. R. Dixon; 19 Aug. 1950 [gigas]
Lectotype: BMNH 1906.7.19.11; male. Designated by Smith and Taylor (1950:182) [australis] 
Diagnosis 
CommentSynonymy and subspecies partly after SMITH & TAYLOR 1950. They also synonymized Cnemidophorus motaguae SACKETT 1941 with Cnemidophorus sackii bocourti. Maslin & Secoy 1986 list Cnemidophorus communis australis GADOW 1906 as a synonym of sacki.

Distribution: older papers report this species from Texas but this appears to represent other species. 
EtymologyNamed after one of the German collectors, Count von Sack. 
References
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Bocourt, M. E. 1873. In: A. Duméril, M. F. Bocourt, and F. Mocquard, (1870-1909), Etudes sur les reptiles, p. i-xiv; In Recherches Zoologiques pour servir a l'Histoire de Ia Faune de l'Amérique Centrale et du Mexique. Mission Scientifique au Mexique et dans l'Amérique Ce Imprimerie Impériale, Paris, Livr. 2-15, pp. 33-860. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2, Second edition. London, xiii+497 pp. - get paper here
  • Burt, Charles E. 1931. The status of the spotted race-runner, Cnemidophorus sexlineatus gularis (Baird and Girard). Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 44: 73-78 - get paper here
  • Canseco-Márquez, L., & Gutiérrrez-Mayén, M.G. 2010. Anfibios y reptiles del Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán. Comisión Nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, México D.F., Mexico, 302 pp - get paper here
  • Casas-Andreu, G., F.R. Méndez-De la Cruz and X. Aguilar-Miguel. 2004. Anfibios y Reptiles; pp. 375–390, in A.J.M. García-Mendoza, J. Ordoñez and M. Briones-Salas (ed.). Biodiversidad de Oaxaca. Instituto de Biología, UNAM-Fondo Oaxaqueño para la Conservación de la Naturaleza-World Wildlife Fund, México, D. F.
  • Castro-Franco, Rubén, María Guasalupe Bustos-Zagal 1994. List of reptiles of Morelos, Mexico, and their distribution in relation to vegetation types. Southwestern Naturalist 39 (2): 171-175 - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1878. Tenth contribution to the herpetology of Tropical America. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 17: 85-98 [1877] - get paper here
  • Davis, W. B.; Smith, H. M. 1952. A new whiptailed lizard (Genus Cnemidophorus) from Mexico. Herpetologica 8: 97-100 - get paper here
  • Duellman, W. E. 1960. A new subspecies of lizard, Cnemidophorus sacki, from Michoacan, México. Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. 10: 587-598. - get paper here
  • Duellman, W. E., & ZWEIFEL, R. G. 1962. A synopsis of the lizards of the sexlineatus group (genus Cnemidophorus). Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 123: 155-210.
  • Gadow,H. 1906. A contribution to the study of evolution based upon the Mexican species of Cnemidophorus. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1906: 277-375 (+ maps) - get paper here
  • Günther, A. C. L. G. 1885. Reptilia and Batrachia. Biologia Centrali-Américana. Taylor, & Francis, London, 326 pp. [published in parts from 1885-1902; reprint by the SSAR 1987] - get paper here
  • Hernández-Gallegos, Oswaldo, Carlos Pérez-Almazán, Ana Esthela López-Moreno, Gisela Granados-González and James M. Walker. 2011. Aspidoscelis sacki (Sack's spotted whiptail) reproduction. Herpetological Review 42 (3): 428 - get paper here
  • Lowe, Charles H., Jr 1955. A new species of whiptailed lizard (Genus Cnemidophorus) from the Colorado Plateau of Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah. Breviora (47): 1-7 - get paper here
  • Martin, Plul S. 1958. A biogeography of reptiles and amphibians in the Gomez Farias Region, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Miscellaneous publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan (101): 1-102 + 7 plates - get paper here
  • Maslin, T. & Secoy, D.M. 1986. A checklist of the lizard genus Cnemidophorus (Teiidae). Contr. Zool. Univ. Colorado Mus. 1: 1-60
  • Mata-Silva, Vicente, Jerry D. Johnson, Larry David Wilson and Elí García-Padilla. 2015. The herpetofauna of Oaxaca, Mexico: composition, physiographic distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (1): 6–62 - get paper here
  • Mertens, R. 1952. Die Amphibien und Reptilien von El Salvador. Abh. senckenb. naturf. Ges. (Frankfurt) (No. 487): 120 pp.
  • PALACIOS-AGUILAR, RICARDO & OSCAR FLORES-VILLELA 2018. An updated checklist of the herpetofauna from Guerrero, Mexico. Zootaxa 4422 (1): 1-24 - get paper here
  • Peters, WILHELM C. H. 1869. Eine Mittheilung über neue Gattungen und Arten von Eidechsen. Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wissensch. Berlin, 1869: 57-66 - get paper here
  • REEDER, T.W.; CHARLES J. COLE AND HERBERT C. DESSAUER 2002. Phylogenetic Relationships of Whiptail Lizards of the Genus Cnemidophorus (Squamata: Teiidae): A Test of Monophyly, Reevaluation of Karyotypic Evolution, and Review of Hybrid Origins. American Museum Novitates 3365: 1-64 - get paper here
  • Schmidt, Karl P.;Stuart, L. C. 1941. The herpetological fauna of the Salama Basin, Baja Verapaz, Guatemala. Zoological series of Field Museum of Natural History 24 (21): 233-247 - get paper here
  • Smith, Hobart M. 1946. Rev. Soc. Mex. Hist. Nat. 7: 69
  • Smith,H.M. 1949. Miscellaneous notes on Mexican lizards. J. Washington Acad. Sci. 39: 34-43.
  • Taylor, Edward H. 1936. Notes on the Herpetological fauna of the Mexican state of Sinaloa. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 24 (20): 505-537 - get paper here
  • Trujillo–Caballero, S. & J. A. González–Oreja 2018. Efficient vs. structured biodiversity inventories: reptiles in a Mexican dry scrubland as a case study Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 41.2 (2018) 245 - get paper here
  • Wiegmann,A.F.A. 1834. Herpetologia Mexicana, seu descriptio amphibiorum novae hispaniae , quae itineribus comitis de Sack, Ferdinandi Deppe et Chr. Guil. Schiede im Museum Zoologicum Berolinense Pervenerunt. Pars prima, saurorum species. Berlin, Lüderitz, iv + 54 pp. - get paper here
  • Woolrich-Piña, G. A., E. García-Padilla, D. L. DeSantis, J. D. Johnson, V. Mata-Silva, and L. D. Wilson. 2017. The herpetofauna of Puebla, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(4): 791–884
  • Zweifel, Richard G. 1959. Variation in and distribution of lizards of western Mexico related to Cnemidophorus sacki. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 117 (2): 57-116
  • Zweifel, Richard G. 1961. Relationship of two whiptail lizards (genus Cnemidophorus) in western Mexico. Copeia 1961 (1): 98-103 - get paper here
 
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