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Atractus roulei DESPAX, 1910

IUCN Red List - Atractus roulei - Vulnerable, VU
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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Roule's Ground Snake
E: Pyron’s Groundsnake [pyroni]
S: Tierrera de Pyron [pyroni] 
SynonymAtractus roulei DESPAX 1910: 370
Atractus roulei — PETERS 1960
Atractus roulei — PASSOS & ARREDONDO 2009
Atractus roulei — WALLACH et al. 2014: 80
Atractus pyroni ARTEAGA et al. 2017
Atractus roulei — PASSOS et al. 2022 
DistributionSW Ecuador, Peru (Cordillera de Huancabamba)

Type locality: Alausi, Ecuador, 2350 m elevation.

pyroni: Ecuador; Type locality: between Balzapamba and Bilován, province of Bolívar, Ecuador (S1.83601, W79.13322; 2026 m elevation).  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: MNHN-RA 1906.0243
Holotype: MZUTI 5107 (Fig. 7), adult male collected by José L. Vieira-Fernandes and Carlos Durán on May 23, 2016 [pyroni] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: A well-demarcated species of Atractus most obviously similar to A . carrioni of southeastern Ecuador. Readily distinguished from other Atractus by: (1) 15 scale rows; (2) long loreal; (3) maxillary teeth, 10-11; (4) ventrals in males, 140-145 (143), in females, 145-149 (148); and (5) uniform dark brown dorsally [from SAVAGE 1960]. 
CommentSimilar species: A. carrioni. The two species differ in the condition of the loreal shield (present in roulei, absent in carrioni); A. lehmanni (for examples of misidentifications see Passos et al. 2022). Arteaga et al. 2022 re-identified several specimens of “A. roulei” as a new species, A. michaelsabini.

Species group: Arteaga et al. 2017 defined the roulei species group as derived from a molecular phylogeny, to contain Atractus carrioni, A. lehmanni, A. pyroni sp. n. and A. roulei.

Synonymy: Passos et al. 2022 proposed synonymized A. pyroni with A. roulei.

Distribution: see map in Arteaga et al. 2022: 184 (Fig. 2) 
EtymologyNamed after Louis Roule, “Docteur es sciences. Docteur en médecine. Professeur à la Faculté des Sciences de Toulouse, a été nommé Professeur de Zoologie (Reptiles et Poissons), en remplacement de M. Léon Vaillant, admis à la retraite (Décret présidentiel du 8 juillet 1910)”. 
References
  • Arteaga A, Mebert K, Valencia JH, Cisneros-Heredia DF, Peñafiel N, Reyes-Puig C, Vieira-Fernandes JL, Guayasamin JM 2017. Molecular phylogeny of Atractus (Serpentes, Dipsadidae), with emphasis on Ecuadorian species and the description of three new taxa. ZooKeys 661: 91-123. - get paper here
  • Arteaga A, Quezada A, Vieira J, Guayasamin JM 2022. Leaving no stone unturned: three additional new species of Atractus ground snakes (Serpentes, Colubridae) from Ecuador discovered using a biogeographical approach. ZooKeys 1121: 175–210 - get paper here
  • Arteaga, A.; Bustamante, L.; Vieira, J. 2024. Reptiles of Ecuador. Khamai Foundation & Tropical Herping, 1073 pp. - get paper here
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Despax, R. 1910. Mission géodésique de l’Équateur. Collections recueillies par M. le Dr Rivet. Liste des ophidiens et descriptions des espèces nouvelles. (Note préliminaire.). Bull. Mus. natl. Hist. nat. Paris 16: 368-376 - get paper here
  • PASSOS P, MELO-SAMPAIO PR, RAMOS LO, GRAZZIOTIN FG, FOUQUET A & TORRES-CARVAJAL O. 2022. When the tail shakes the snake: phylogenetic affinities and morphology of Atractus badius (Serpentes: Dipsadidae), reveals some current pitfalls on the snake’s genomic age. An Acad Bras Cienc 94: e20191254 - get paper here
  • Passos, P. & Arredondo, J.C. 2009. Rediscovery and redescription of the Andean earth-snake Atractus wagleri (Reptilia: Serpentes: Colubridae). Zootaxa 1969: 59–68 - get paper here
  • Passos, Paulo; Lourdes Y. Echevarría, and Pablo J. Venegas 2013. Morphological Variation of Atractus carrioni (Serpentes: Dipsadidae). South American J. Herp. 8 (2): 109-120. - get paper here
  • Peters , J. A. 1960. The snakes of Ecuador; check list and key. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 122: 489-541 - get paper here
  • Savage,J.M. 1960. A revision of the Ecuadorian snakes of the colubrid genus Atractus. Misc. Publ. Zool. Univ. Michigan 112: 1-86 - get paper here
  • Torres-Carvajal O, Pazmiño-Otamendi G, Salazar-Valenzuela D. 2019. Reptiles of Ecuador: a resource-rich portal, with a dynamic checklist and photographic guides. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13 (1): [General Section]: 209–229 (e178) - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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