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Bothrops punctatus (GARCIA, 1896)

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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesS: Equis Orito, Equis Rabo de Chucha
E: Golden Lancehead or Opossum Tailed Lancehead, Chocoan Forest Pit Viper 
SynonymLachesis punctatus GARCIA 1896: 31
Thanatophis montanus POSADO-ARANGO 1889: 344
Lachesis monticelli PERACCA 1910
Bothrops leptura AMARAL 1923: 102 (fide VILLA et al. 1988)
Bothrops monticelli — RENDAHL 1937
Bothrops monticelli — SMITH 1958
Bothrops montecelli [sic] — SMITH 1958 (fide VILLA et al. 1988)
Bothrops punctata— PETERS 1960
Bothrops punctatus — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 54
Bothrops punctata — VILLA et al. 1988
Bothriechis mahnerti SCHÄTTI & KRAMER 1991
Bothriechis punctatus mahnerti — SCHÄTTI & KRAMER 1993
Bothriopsis punctata — WELCH 1994: 31
Bothriopsis punctata — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 250
Bothrops punctata— WÜSTER et al. 2002
Bothrops punctatus — CASTRO-HERRERA & VARGAS-SALINAS 2008
Bothrops punctatus — FENWICK et al. 2009
Bothrops punctatus — CARRASCO et al. 2012
Bothrops punctatus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 119 
DistributionSE Panama, W Colombia (incl. Valle del Cauca), NW Ecuador, elevation 0-2000 m

Type locality: Las Montañas de Dagua, Colombia.  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesType: Unlocated (MCDIARMID et al. 1999)
Holotype: USNM 50110 [Bothrops leptura] 
Diagnosis 
CommentVenomous!

Type species: Thanatophis montanus POSADO-ARANGO 1889 is the type species of the genus Thanatophis POSADO-ARANGO 1889, now a synonym of Bothrops and Bothriechis. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin “punctatus” (feminine pūnctāta) meaning "spotted" or "pointed". It is a reference to color pattern of the species. 
References
  • Amaral, A. do 1923. New genera and species of snakes. Proc. New England Zool. Club 8: 85-105 - get paper here
  • Arteaga A, Pyron RA, Peñafiel N, Romero-Barreto P, Culebras J, Bustamante L, et al. 2016. Comparative Phylogeography Reveals Cryptic Diversity and Repeated Patterns of Cladogenesis for Amphibians and Reptiles in Northwestern Ecuador. PLoS One 11 (4): e0151746.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0151746 - get paper here
  • Arteaga AF, Bustamante-Enríquez LM and Guayasamin JM 2013. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Mindo. http://www.tropicalherping.com - get paper here
  • Campbell, J.A. & Lamar, W.W. 1989. The Venomous Reptiles of Latin America. Comstock Publishing/Cornell University Press, Ithaca
  • Campbell,J.A. & Lamar,W.W. 1992. Taxonomic status of miscellaneous Neotropical viperids, with the description of a new genus. Occ. Papers Mus. Texas Tech. Univ. 153: 1-31 - get paper here
  • Carrasco, P.A., C.I. Mattoni, G.C. Leynaud, and G.J. Scrocchi. 2012. Morphology, phylogeny and taxonomy of South American bothropoid pitvipers (Serpentes, Viperidae). Zoologica Scripta 41: 109-124 - get paper here
  • Castro, F.; Ayerbe, S.; Calderón, J.J. & Cepeda, B. 2005. Nuevo registro para Colombia de Bothrocophias campbelli y notas sobre B. colombianus y B. myersi (Serpentes:Viperidae). Novedades Colombianas 8(1): 57-64 - get paper here
  • Castro-Herrera, F. & Vargas-Salinas, F. 2008. Anfibios y reptiles en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Biota Colombiana 9 (2): 251 - 277 - get paper here
  • Cortés Gómez, Angela María; Anyelet Valencia Aguilar, Diana Marcela Torres Domínguez, Lina María García Calderón, Diego Fernando Villaquirán Martínez, Andrea del Pilar Cáceres Franco, Fernando Castro Herrera 2010. Guía de los anfibios y reptiles. Área en conservación de la microcuenca Quebrada Pericos. [Valle de Cauca, Colombia]. Corporación Autónoma Regional del Valle del Cauca, Santiago de Cali: CVC, 37 pp. - get paper here
  • Dunn,E.R. 1944. Los géneros de anfibios y reptiles de Colombia, III. Orden de las serpientes. Caldasia 3 (12): 155-224 - get paper here
  • FENWICK, ALLYSON M.; RONALD L. GUTBERLET JR, JENNAFER A. EVANS, CHRISTOPHER L. PARKINSON 2009. Morphological and molecular evidence for phylogeny and classification of South American pitvipers, genera Bothrops, Bothriopsis, and Bothrocophias (Serpentes: Viperidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 156 (3): 617-640 - get paper here
  • Garcia,E. 1896. Los Ofidios Venenosos del Cauca. Métodos empíricos y racionales empleados contra los accidentes producidos por la mordedura de esos reptiles. Cali: Librería Colombiana, xv + 102 pp. - get paper here
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
  • Ospina-L, Ana María 2017. Bothrops punctatus (García 1896). Rabo de chucha. Catálogo de Anfibios y Reptiles de Colombia 3 (1): 25-30 - get paper here
  • Peracca, MARIO GIACINTO 1910. Descrizione di alcune nuove specie di Ofidii del Museo Zoologico della R.a Universita di Napoli. Annuario Mus. zool. Univ. Napoli, (N. S.) 3 (12): 1-3
  • Pérez-Santos,C. & Moreno, A.G. 1988. Ofidios de Colombia. Museo reegionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, Monographie VI, 517 pp.
  • Posada ARANGO 1889. Note sure quelques solénoglyphes de Colombie. Bull. Soc. Zool. France 1889: 343-345 - get paper here
  • Rendahl, H. & VESTERGREN,G. 1940. Notes on Colombian snakes. Arkiv för Zoologi 33A [1941?] (5): 1-16
  • Schätti B; Kramer E 1991. A new pitviper from Ecuador, Bothriechis mahnerti n. sp. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 98 (1): 9-14 - get paper here
  • Schätti B; Kramer E 1993. Ecuadorianische Grubenottern der Gattungen Bothriechis, Bothrops und Porthidium (Serpentes: Viperidae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 100 (2): 235-278 - get paper here
  • Smith, H.M. 1958. Handlist of the snakes of Panamá. Herpetologica 14: 222-224. - get paper here
  • Torres-Carvajal O, Pazmiño-Otamendi G, Salazar-Valenzuela D. 2019. Reptiles of Ecuador: a resource-rich portal, with a dynamic checklist and photographic guides. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13 (1): [General Section]: 209–229 (e178) - get paper here
  • Valencia, J. H., K. Garzón-Tello & M. E. Barragán-Paladines 2016. Serpientes venenosas del Ecuador: sistemática, taxonomía, historia natural, conservación, envenenamiento y aspectos antropológicos. Quito, Ecuador, Fundación Herpetológica Gustavo Orcés, Universidad de Texas, Fondo Ambiental Nacional, 652 pp. [review in HR 49 (1): 152, 2018]
  • Valencia-Zuleta A, Jaramillo-Martínez AF, Echeverry-Bocanegra A, Viáfara-Vega R, Hernández-Córdoba O, Cardona-Botero VE, Gutiérrez-Zúñiga J, Castro-Herrera F. 2014. Conservation status of the herpetofauna, protected areas, and current problems in Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 8 (2): 1–18 (e87) - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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