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Brachymeles orientalis BROWN & RABOR, 1967

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Higher TaxaScincidae, Scincinae, Scincoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Southern Burrowing Skink 
SynonymBrachymeles schadenbergi orientalis BROWN & RABOR 1967
Brachymeles schadenbergi orientalis — SILER et al. 2009
Brachymeles orientalis — SILER et al. 2010
Brachymeles orientalis — SILER et al. 2011 
DistributionPhilippines (Bohol, Mindanao, Samar, Leyte, Dinagat, Camiguin Sur islands)

Type locality: Bario Dusita, 11 km southeast of Sierra Bullones, Bohol Province, Bohol Island, Philippines, 533 m elevation, 9° 46’ 57.5’’ N, 124° 18’ 10.8’’ E.  
Reproductionviviparous (not imputed, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: CAS-SUR 24436 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Brachymeles orientalis can be distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) body large (SVL 97.6–112.3 mm); (2) pentadactyl; (3) Finger-III lamellae six or seven; (4) Toe-IV lamellae 8–10; (5) limbs relatively long; (6) supralabials six or seven; (7) infralabials six or seven; (8) pineal eye spot present; (9) supranasal contact absent; (10) prefrontals not contacting on midline; (11) enlarged chin shields in two pairs; (12) nuchal scales undifferentiated; (13) fourth and fifth supra- labial below eye; (14) auricular opening present; (15) dorsolateral stripes absent; and (16) middorsal stripes absent (Tables 4 and 5 in SILER & BROWN 2010). 
CommentPentadactyl species.

Habitat: semifossorial and typically found in dry, rotting material inside or underneath decaying logs or in loose soil, forest floor detritus, and leaf litter of lowland forest. 
EtymologyNamed after the Latin orientalis (eastern), in reference to the distribution. 
References
  • Brown WC & RABOR DS 1967. Review of the genus Brachymeles (Sauria), with descriptions of new species and subspecies. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (4) 34: 525-548 - get paper here
  • Brown, Walter C. 1956. A revision of the genus Brachymeles (Scincidae), with descriptions of new species and subspecies. Breviora (54): 1-19 - get paper here
  • Brown, WC. & A.C. ALCALA 1980. Philippine Lizards of the family Scincidae. Silliman Univ. Nat. Sci., Dumaguete City, Mon., Ser. 2: i-xi + 1-246.
  • Decena, S. C. P., Banado, F. I. C., & Densing, L. A. F. 2024. Amphibians and reptiles from Leyte Sab-a Basin Peatland: A unique wetland habitat in Leyte, Philippines. Annals of Tropical Research, 46(2), 116-154 - get paper here
  • Fischer, J. G. 1885. Ichthyologische und herpetologische Bemerkungen. V. Herpetologische Bemerkungen. Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst. 2: 82-121 - get paper here
  • Rosales, A., Suhian, J. P., Gamalinda, E., Paz, S., & Solania-Naling, C. 2023. Herpetofauna of forest fragments within the Agata Mining Ventures Incorporated (AMVI), Agusan del Norte, Caraga Region, Philippines. Journal of Ecosystem Science and Eco-Governance, 5(2), 54-65 - get paper here
  • Sanguila MB, Cobb KA, Siler CD, Diesmos AC, Alcala AC, Brown RM 2016. The amphibians and reptiles of Mindanao Island, southern Philippines, II: the herpetofauna of northeast Mindanao and adjacent islands. ZooKeys 624: 1–132, doi: 10.3897/zookeys.624.9814 - get paper here
  • Siler, Cameron D. and Rafe M. Brown 2010. Phylogeny-based Species Delimitation in Philippine Slender Skinks (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae: Brachymeles): Taxonomic Revision of Pentadactyl Species Groups and Description of Three New Species. Herpetological Monographs 24 (1): 1-54 - get paper here
  • Siler, Cameron D.; Arvin C. Diesmos, Rafe M. Brown 2010. New Loam-Swimming Skink, Genus Brachymeles (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae) from Luzon and Catanduanes Islands, Philippines. Journal of Herpetology 44 (1): 49–60 - get paper here
  • Siler, Cameron D.; Arvin C. Diesmos, Angel C. Alcala and Rafe M. Brown 2011. Phylogeny of Philippine slender skinks (Scincidae: Brachymeles) reveals underestimated species diversity, complex biogeographical relationships, and cryptic patterns of lineage diversification. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 59 (1): 53-65 - get paper here
  • Siler, Cameron D.; Edmond L. Rico, Mariano R. Duya, and Rafe M. Brown 2009. A NEW LIMB-REDUCED, LOAM-SWIMMING SKINK (SQUAMATA: SCINCIDAE: BRACHYMELES) FROM CENTRAL LUZON ISLAND, PHILIPPINES. Herpetologica 65 (4): 449 - get paper here
  • Solania, C. L., Cuadrado, J. T., Galolo, A. R. V., & Gamalinda, E. F. 2021. Species Richness and Community Structure of Amphibians and Reptiles in Andanan Watershed Forest Reserve, Caraga Region, Philippines. Biodiversity Journal 12 (3): 673–694 - get paper here
  • VENTURINA, Russell Evan L.;Ynigo Luis C. DEL PRADO,Rhim Ayyah C. KAMIR, Marlon N. BALMORES and Arvin C. DIESMOS 2020. A Revised Checklist of Amphibians and Reptiles in Camiguin Sur, Misamis Oriental, Mindaanao, Philippines. Asian Herpetological Research 11 (1): 28-43 - get paper here
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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