Candoia superciliosa (GÜNTHER, 1863)

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Higher Taxa	Boidae (Candoiinae, Candoiidae), Henophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies	Candoia superciliosa superciliosa (GÜNTHER 1863) Candoia superciliosa crombiei SMITH & CHISZAR 2001
Common Names	E: Belau Bevelnosed Boa, Northem Belau Bevelnosed Boa E: Ngeaur Bevelnosed Boa [crombiei]
Synonym	Enygrus superciliosus GüNTHER 1863: 360 Enygrus carinatus var. superciliosus — KINGHORN 1928: 142 Enygrus carinatus (nec SCHNEIDER) — BOETTGER 1898: 111 (part;) Enygrus carinatus — STERNFELD 1920: 423 (part) Enygrus carinatus — DRYDEN & TAYLOR 1969: 271 Candoia superciliosa superciliosa — SMITH et al. 2001: 293 Candoia superciliosa — WALLACH et al. 2014: 148 Candoia superciliosa — REYNOLDS & HENDERSON 2018: 28 Candoia superciliosa crombiei SMITH & CHISZAR 2001 Candoia superciliosa crombiei SMITH & CHISZAR in SMITH et al. 2001 Enygrus carinatus (nec SCHNEIDER) — STERNFELD 1920: 425 Candoia superciliosa crombiei — REYNOLDS & HENDERSON 2018: 29
Distribution	Pelew (= Palau = Belau) Islands Type locality: "Pelew Islands." crombiei: Type locality: Ngeaur Island, at the intersection ofthe west coast road and the road to Our Lady of the Rosary church (just N cemetery tumoff), S Ngaramasch village.
Reproduction	viviparous (not imputed, fide Zimin et al. 2022)
Types	Syntypes: BMNH 1946.1.16.47 (formerly 63.10.2.7) and 1946.1.16.50 (formerly 63.1 0.2.8). Presented by G. L. King. Date unknown. Holotype: USNM 521718, juvenile male with everted hemipenes. Taken 31 July 1996 by Ronald 1. Crombie [crombiei]
Diagnosis	Diagnosis and definition (based on 62 specimens examined and less than a dozen others in the literature). A member of the Candoia carinata complex, differing from other complexes of the genus in having a broad, flat, slanted, bevel-like, overhung snout, supralabials entering orbit, subcaudals 35 or more, and ventrals less than 203. Unique among all members of the Candoia carinata complex in the combination of presence (Fig. 2) of a distinct postanal white spot (I 00%); absence of keels on the 2nd row of dorsals (100%); presence of a greatly enlarged supraocular on each side (Fig 3), with a minimum oD or fewer scales in a row between those on the two sides (100%); anterior scale rows fewer than 29 (100%); totallength not exceeding 885 mm, seldom reaching 700 mm; temperament retiring, withdrawing, not aggressive under any circumstance; and diet consisting almost excIusively of ectotherms. (Smith et al. 1981)
Comment	Distribution: not on the Solomon island (McCoy 2015). Until recently the species was considered a subspecies of Candoia carinata, which is found throughout most of the Solomon Islands archipelago (Harlow and Shine 1992). It is now a full species, but due to a lack of specific data, much of the available information refers to Candoia carinata (Smith et al 2001, O. Tallowin in IUCN 2012 and pers. comm., 23 Nov 2016).
Etymology	The name superciliosa presumably refers to the much enlarged supraocular scales, characteristic of the species.
References	Boettger, O. 1898. Katalog der Reptilien-Sammlung im Museum der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Frankfurt/M. 2.Teil (Schlangen). [type catalogue] Frankfurt/M (Gebr. Knauer), i-ix + 1-160. - get paper here Dryden, G.L. & TAYLOR, E.H. 1969. Reptiles from the Mariana and Caroline Islands. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 48 (8): 269-279 - get paper here Günther. A. 1863. Third account of new species of snakes in the collection of the British Museum. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 12: 348 - 365 - get paper here Harlow, P. and R. Shine. 1992. Food habits and reproductive biology of the Pacific Island boas (Candoia). J. Herp. 26 (1): 60-66 - get paper here Kinghorn, J. R. 1928. Notes on Some Reptiles and Batrachians from the Northern Division of Papua, With Descriptions of New Species of Apisthocalamus and Lygosoma. Rec. Austral. Mus. 16: 289-293. - get paper here Reynolds, R. Graham and Robert W. Henderson 2018. Boas of the World (Superfamily Booidae): A Checklist With Systematic, Taxonomic, and Conservation Assessments. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology Sep 2018, Vol. 162, No. 1: 1-58. - get paper here Smith, H.M.; Chiszar, D.; Tepedelen, K. & van Breukelen, F. 2001. A revision of bevdelnosed boas (Candoia carinata complex) (Reptilia: Serpentes). Hamadryad 26 (2): 283-315 - get paper here Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp. Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here ZUG, G.R. 2013. Reptiles and Amphibians of the Pacific Islands. University of California Press, Berkeley, 306 pp. - get paper here
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information Google images

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