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Chamaeleo africanus LAURENTI, 1768

IUCN Red List - Chamaeleo africanus - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaChamaeleonidae, Sauria, Iguania, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: African Chameleon
G: Basilisken-Chamäleon, Afrikanisches Chamäleon 
SynonymChamaeleo africanus LAURENTI 1768: 46
Chamaeleo candidus LAURENTI 1768 (?)
Chamaeleo mexicanus LAURENTI 1768 (?)
Chamaeleo aegyptius BONNATERRE 1789
Chamaeleon africanus — MEYER 1795: 27
Chamaeleo calcaratus MERREM 1820: 162
Chamaeleon basiliscus COPE 1868
Chamaeleon basiliscus — BOULENGER 1897: 132
Chamaeleon basiliscus — WERNER 1911: 11
Chamaeleon basilicus — STERNFELD 1917: 409 (in error)
Chamaeleon basilicus — CALABRESI 1925: 103
Chamaeleon basiliscus — LOVERIDGE 1936: 75
Chamaeleo africanus — MERTENS 1966: 17
Chamaeleo (Chamaeleo) africanus — KLAVER & BÖHME 1986: 59
Chamaeleo (Chamaeleo) africanus — KLAVER & BÖHME 1997
Chamaeleo (Chamaeleo) africanus — NECAS 1999: 110
Chamaeleo africanus — TILBURY & TOLLEY 2009
Chamaeleo africanus — TILBURY 2010: 440
Chamaeleo africanus — SPEYBROECK et al. 2020 
DistributionMauritania, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Egypt, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Benin, Sudan (Jumhūriyyat), Republic of South Sudan (RSS), Greece

Type locality (restricted): Africa (fide MERTENS 1966: 6)  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesNeotype: ZFMK 70660; original type based on SEBA (1734) I, plate 43, fig. 4 (43 is a misprint for 83).
Holotype: MCZ 5766 [basiliscus] 
Diagnosis 
CommentDistribution: Not in Gabon fide PAUWELS & VANDE WEGHE 2008. Not in Ethiopia or Eritrea; Figure 171 in Largen & Spawls 2010 is C. calcaricarens (not C. africanus as indicated, fide Wagner 2011, Salamandra 47: 61). 
EtymologyNamed after its African origin. 
References
  • Baha el Din, S. 2006. A guide to the reptiles and amphibians of Egypt. The American University in Cairo Press, Cairo. xvi + 359 pp.
  • Beuttner, Antonia 2021. Costa Navarino, heute und vor zehn Jahren – ein kritischer Urlaubsbericht. Elaphe 2021 (2): 38-42
  • Bonnaterre, P.J. 1789. Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature, . . . Erpétologie. Panckoucke, Paris, xxviii+71 pp. (+ plates + index) - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G. A. 1898. On a second collection of reptiles made by Mr. E. Lord-Phillips in Somaliland. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7) 2: 130-133 - get paper here
  • BRINGSØE, HENRIK; BJØRN ROLFES & JAN GRATHWOHL. 2022. CHAMAELEO AFRICANUS (Sahel Chameleon). PREDATION. Herpetological Review 53 (3): 495–496.
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  • Calabresi, Enrica 1925. Anfibi e rettili raccolti dal Signor Ugo Ignesti nell'Abissinia settentrionale. Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali, e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Milano 64: 100-109 - get paper here
  • Chirio, L. 2009. Inventaire des reptiles de la région de la Réserve de Biosphère Transfrontalière du W (Niger/Bénin/Burkina Faso: Afrique de l’Ouest). [Herpetological survey of the W Transfrontier Biosphere Reserve area (Niger/Benin/Burkina Faso: West Africa]. Bull. Soc. Herp. France (132): 13-41 - get paper here
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  • Cope, E.D. 1869. Observations on Reptiles of the old world. Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1868: 316-323 - get paper here
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  • Kosuch, Joachim, Miguel Vences and Wolfgang Böhme. 1999. Mitochondrial DNA sequence data support the allocation of Greek mainland chameleons to Chamaeleo africanus. Amphibia-Reptilia 20 (4): 440-443 - get paper here
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  • Largen, M.J.; Spawls, S. 2010. Amphibians and Reptiles of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 694 pp.
  • Laurenti, J. N. 1768. Specimen medicum, exhibens synopsin reptilium emendatam cum experimentis circa venena et antidota reptilium austracorum, quod authoritate et consensu. Vienna, Joan. Thomae, 217 pp. - get paper here
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  • Necas, Petr 1999. Chameleons - Nature's Hidden Jewels. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt; 348 pp.; ISBN 3-930612-04-6 (Europe)<br />ISBN 1-57524-137-4 (USA, Canada)
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  • Rösler, Herbert & Wolfgang Böhme 2021. Das Leben von Friedrich Albrecht Anton Meyer (1768 – 1795) und die Herpetologie in seinen Schriften, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der „Synopsis Reptilium“. Sekretär 21: 83-129
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