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Chilabothrus gracilis FISCHER, 1888

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Higher TaxaBoidae (Boinae), Henophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesChilabothrus gracilis gracilis (FISCHER 1888)
Chilabothrus gracilis hapalus (SHEPLAN & SCHWARTZ 1974) 
Common NamesHispaniola Boa; gracilis: Dominican Republic vine boa; hapalus: Tiburon vine boa 
SynonymChilabothrus gracilis FISCHER 1888: 35
Epicrates gracilis — BOULENGER 1893: 98
Epicrates gracilis gracilis — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988
Epicrates gracilis — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1991: 606
Epicrates gracilis — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 197
Chilabothrus gracilis — REYNOLDS et al. 2013
Epicrates gracilis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 273
Chilabothrus gracilis gracilis — REYNOLDS & HENDERSON 2018: 12

Chilabothrus gracilis hapalus (SHEPLAN & SCHWARTZ 1974)
Epicrates gracilis hapalus SHEPLAN & SCHWARTZ 1974
Epicrates gracilis hapalus — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988
Chilabothrus gracilis hapalus — REYNOLDS & HENDERSON 2018: 12 
DistributionHispaniola (Haiti, Dominican Republic)

gracilis: Hispaniola; north of the Plaine de Cul de Sac-Valle de Neiba, but only from scattered localities. Type locality: Cap-Haïtien, Département du Nord, Haiti.

hapalus: Haiti; Tiburon Peninsula east to Port-au-Prince and Jacmel; Type locality: Camp Perrin, Departement du Sud, Haiti. Specimens from the east coast of the Peninsula de Barahona may represent intergrades between the 2 subspecies.  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesSyntypes: lost, formerly in ZMH, now destroyed.
Holotype: MCZ 125602, adult male [hapalus] 
DiagnosisDESCRIPTION: Maximum SVL 905 mm; dorsal scale rows at neck 27-42, at midbody 33-47; ventrals 271-304 in males, 271-296 in females; subcaudals 91-111 in males, 90-102 in females; ventrals + subcaudals 368-415 in males, 364-396 in females; head scale formula 4-1-2; body elongated and laterally compressed; neck very slender. Dorsal ground color tan to brown with 62-100 subcircular to ovate, darker brown body blotches; a second more lateral row of dark markings variable (blotch-like, dots, spots, or diagonal and irregular dashes); tail blotches 21-35; venter yellow-tan to brownish with scattered brown suffusions (Schwartz & Henderson 1991: 606). 
CommentFor illustrations see Cochran 1941; Henderson and Schwartz, 1984; Tolson, 1987.

Habitat: partly arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018). 
EtymologyNamed after Latin “gracilis”, meaning small or lanky, or gracile. 
References
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. London (Taylor & Francis), 448 pp. - get paper here
  • Cochran, D.M. 1941. The herpetology of Hispaniola. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 177: vii + 398 pp. - get paper here
  • Fischer, J.G. 1888. Über eine Kollektion Reptilien und Amphibien von Hayti. Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst. 5: 23-45. - get paper here
  • Gemel, R.; G. Gassner & S. Schweiger 2019. Katalog der Typen der Herpetologischen Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien – 2018. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 121: 33–248
  • Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here
  • Henderson, R.W., and Schwartz, A. 1984. A guide to the identification of the amphibians and reptiles of Hispaniola. Spec. PubI. Milwaukee Public Mus. Biol. and Geol. (4):1-70.
  • Henderson, R.W.and R. Powell 2002. Epicrates gracilis. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (754): 1-4 - get paper here
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
  • Powell, R. & Incháustegui, S.J. 2009. Conservation of the herpetofauna of the Dominican Republic. Applied Herpetology 6: 103–122 - get paper here
  • Reynolds, R. Graham and Robert W. Henderson 2018. Boas of the World (Superfamily Booidae): A Checklist With Systematic, Taxonomic, and Conservation Assessments. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology Sep 2018, Vol. 162, No. 1: 1-58. - get paper here
  • Reynolds, R.G.; Matthew L. Niemiller; S. Blair Hedges; Alex Dornburg; Alberto R. Puente-Rolón; Liam J. Revell 2013. Molecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of West Indian boid snakes (Chilabothrus). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution - get paper here
  • Schwartz, A. & Henderson, R.W. 1988. West Indian Amphibian and Reptiles: A Checklist. Milwaukee Publ. Mus. Contr. Biol. Geol. No. 74: 264 pp. - get paper here
  • Schwartz, A. & Henderson, R.W. 1991. Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 720 pp.
  • Sheplan, B.R., and Schwartz, A. 1974. Hispaniolan boas of the genus Epicrates (Serpentes, Boidae) and their Antillean relationships. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 45:57-143.
  • Tolson, P.J. 1987. Phylogenetics of the boid snake genus Epicrates and Caribbean vicariance theory. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan (715): 1-68. - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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