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Chironius bicarinatus (WIED-NEUWIED, 1820)

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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Two-headed Sipo
Portuguese: Cainana, Caninana-Verde, Caninana-Verde-Comum, Cobra-Cipó, Cobra-Cipó-Bicarinada, Cobra-Espada, Cobra-Verde, Espia-Caminho, Serra-Azul, Voadeira 
SynonymColuber bicarinatus WIED 1820
Natrix bicarinatus (WIED) — MERREM 1820
Natrix bicarinata — WAGLER 1824: 23
Erpetodryas bicarinatus (WIED) — BOIE 1826
Herpetodryas bicarinatus (WIED) — WAGLER 1830
Herpetodryas bicarinata (WIED) — FITZINGER 1843
Herpetodryas carinatus (not of LINNAEUS) — DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854
Herpetodryas carinatus var. bicarinata — BOETTGER 1898
Chironius carinatus (not of LINNAEUS) — AMARAL 1925
Chironius bicarinatus (Wied) — BAILEY 1955
Chironius bicarinatus — CEI 1993
Chironius bicarinatus — HOLLIS 2006
Chironius bicarinatus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 159
Chironius bicarinatus — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019
Chironius bicarinatus — BERNAL & DUBOIS 2023 
DistributionBrazil (Espírito Santo, E Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Paulo, Goias, Sergipe, Bahia, Rio de Janeiro), NE Argentina (Misiones), NW Uruguay, Paraguay (fide Paul Smith, pers. comm., 27 Apr 2014)

Type locality: Lake near the Rio Jacú, 5 "leguas" (= leagues)south of Espirito Santo city, Espirito Santo, Brazil.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: unlocated (DIXON et al. 1993) 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Dixon et al. 1993: 59. 
CommentBehavior: diurnal

Diet: mainly frogs (this seems to be true for most Chironius, fide CADLE 1992); birds, and lizards, which it actively forages over the forest substrate (Dixon et al. 1993).

Distribution: For a Map see Dixon et al. 1993: 61. See also maps in Nogueira et al. 2019 and Sudré et al. 2024: 96, 102 (Figs. 5, 8).

Habitat: partly arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018); partly terrestrial (Dixon et al. 1993). 
EtymologyNamed after Latin: bi-, from bis, ‘twice’ and carinatus, ‘having the form of a ship’s hull, careened’. 
References
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  • Almeida-Santos, Selma M. & Otavio A.V. Marques 2002. Male-male ritual combat in the colubrid snake Chironius bicarinatus from the Atlantic Forest, southeastern Brazil. Amphibia-Reptilia 23 (4): 528-533 - get paper here
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  • Bernal, Rodrigo & Alain Dubois 2023. Chironius scurrula, the correct nomen for Chironius scurrulus (Squamata, Serpentes, Colubridae), with a list of the correct spellings of specific epithets currently in use in this genus. Bionomina, 34: 035–044 - get paper here
  • BERNARDE, P.S., ALBUQUERQUE, S., BARROS, T.O. & TURCI, L.C.B. 2012. Serpentes do Estado de Rondônia, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 12 (3): 1-29 - get paper here
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