Coniophanes andresensis BAILEY, 1937

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Higher Taxa	Colubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: San Andres Snake
Synonym	Coniophanes fissidens andresensis BAILEY 1937: 4 Coniophanes brevifrons BAILEY 1937: 3 Coniophanes brevifrons — BAILEY 1939: 23 Coniophanes fissidens andresensis — BAILEY 1939: 23 Coniophanes fissidens andresensis — DUNN 1944: 495 Coniophanes fissidens andresensis — MYERS 1966 Coniophanes andressensis — PEREZ-SANTOS & MORENO 1988: 126 Coniophanes andresensis — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1991: 596 Coniophanes andresensis — SAVAGE 2002: 593 Coniophanes andresensis — MCNISH 2011
Distribution	Colombia (Isla San Andres, Lesser Antilles) Type locality: St Andrews Island [fide MCZ type catalogue]
Reproduction	oviparous
Types	Holotype: MCZ R-31867 Holotype: ANSP 3349, adult male [brevifrons]
Diagnosis
Comment	Synonymy: listed as synonym of Coniophanes fissidens by WALLACH et al. 2014: 174. Distribution: Isla San Andres has also been claimed by Nicaragua but is a part of Colombia as decided by the International Court of Justice in 2012. Thus, older records may mention Nicaragua.
Etymology	Named after the type locality.
References	Bailey, J. R. 1937. New forms of Coniophanes Hallowell, and the status of Dromicus clavatus. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan 362: 1-6 - get paper here Bailey, J. R. 1939. A systematic study of the snakes of the genus Coniophanes. Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. Arts Lett. 24 [1938]: 1-48. - get paper here Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here Caicedo-PoRtilla, José Rances 2014. Rediscovery of Mabuya berengerae, Mabuya pergravis (Squamata: Scincidae) and Coniophanes andresensis (Squamata: Colubridae), and assesment of its threatened status in the San Andrés and Providencia Islands, Colombia [in Spanish]. Caldasia 36 (1): 181-201 Carvajal-Cogollo, J.E.; L.E. Rojas-Murcia. & G. Cárdenas-Arévalo 2020. Reptiles del Caribe colombiano/ Reptiles of the Colombian Caribbean. Tunja: Editorial UPTC, 268 pp. - get paper here Hedges SB, Powell R, Henderson RW, Hanson S, and Murphy JC 2019. Definition of the Caribbean Islands biogeographic region, with checklist and recommendations for standardized common names of amphibians and reptiles. Caribbean Herpetology 67: 1–53 McNish, T. 2011. La fauna del archipiélago de San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina, Colombia, Sudamérica. Colomba Andina de Impresos, ISBN 978-958-99518-1-1 Myers, C. W. 1966. A new species of colubrid snake, genus Coniophanes, from Darién, Panama. Copeia 1966 (4): 665-668 - get paper here Pérez-Santos,C. & Moreno, A.G. 1988. Ofidios de Colombia. Museo reegionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, Monographie VI, 517 pp. Schwartz, A. & Henderson, R.W. 1991. Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 720 pp. Valdivieso, D. & J.R. Tamsitt 1963. A Check List and Key to the Amphibian and Reptiles of Providencia and San Andres. Carib. J. Sci. 3 (2/3): 77-79 - get paper here Zug, G. R., S. B. Hedges, and S. Sunkel. 1979. Variation in reproductive parameters of three neotropical snakes, Coniophanes fissidens, Dipsas catesbyi, and Imantodes cenchoa. Smithsonian Contr. Zool. 300:1-20 - get paper here
External links	IUCN Red List https://www.facebook.com/groups/stshc/posts/406262858264985 Google images

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