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Coniophanes imperialis (BAIRD & GIRARD, 1859)

IUCN Red List - Coniophanes imperialis - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesConiophanes imperialis imperialis (BAIRD 1859)
Coniophanes imperialis clavatus (PETERS 1864)
Coniophanes imperialis copei HARTWEG & OLIVER 1938 
Common NamesE: Black-striped Snake
E: Tamaulipan Black-striped Snake [imperialis]
S: Culebra de Raya negra 
SynonymTaeniophis imperialis (BAIRD 1859: 23)
Taeniophis imperialis BAIRD & GIRARD 1859: 23
Tachymenis imperialis — GARMAN 1884: 61
Coniophanes imperialis — SHANNON & SMITH 1949
Coniophanes imperialis — MCCOY 1969
Coniophanes imperialis — VILLA et al. 1988
Coniophanes imperialis imperialis — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 216
Coniophanes imperialis — LINER 1994
Coniophanes imperialis — FLORES-VILLELA & SMITH 2009
Coniophanes imperialis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 177

Coniophanes imperialis imperialis (BAIRD, 1859)
Taeniophis imperialis BAIRD & GIRARD 1859: 23
Glaphyrophis lateralis JAN 1863: 304
Coniophanes imperialis imperialis — BAILEY 1937: 6
Coniophanes imperialis imperialis — BAILEY 1939: 34
Coniophanes imperialis imperialis — TAYLOR 1949: 209
Coniophanes imperialis imperialis — CONANT 1955
Coniophanes imperialis imperialis — CROTHER 2000: 59
Coniophanes imperialis imperialis — TENNANT & BARTLETT 2000: 462
Coniophanes imperialis — CROTHER et al. 2012
Coniophanes imperialis imperialis — COPE 1900: 1090 (1898)

Coniophanes imperialis clavatus (PETERS 1864)
Dromicus (Dromicus) clavatus PETERS 1864: 388
Coniophanes imperialis clavatus — BAILEY 1937: 6
Coniophanes imperialis clavatus — BAILEY 1939: 35
Coniophanes imperialis clavatus — MCCOY 1969
Coniophanes imperialis clavatus — BAUER et al. 1995: 71

Coniophanes imperialis copei HARTWEG & OLIVER 1938
Coniophanes imperialis copei HARTWEG & OLIVER 1938
Coniophanes imperialis copei — BAILEY 1939: 42
Coniophanes imperialis copei — SMITH & TAYLOR 1945: 41
Coniophanes imperialis copei — KLUGE 1984: 51 
DistributionUSA (S Texas),
Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz, Yucatan, Campeche, Quintana Roo, Hidalgo, San Luis Potosí, Puebla [HR 30: 235], México, Nuevo León, Guerrero, Quéretaro),
Belize, Guatemala, N Honduras (Islas de la Bahia and Utila)

clavatus: Mexico (Veracruz); Type locality: “Mexico”; restricted to “Potrero Viejo” [Veracruz] by SMITH & TAYLOR 1950.

copei: Mexico (Oaxaca); Type locality: “between Quiengola Mountain and Tehuantepec, Oaxaca”

imperialis: USA (S Texas); Type locality: Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: USNM 2060
Holotype: ZMB 5106 [clavatus]
Holotype: UMMZ 82666 [copei] 
DiagnosisDIAGNOSIS (clavatus). “A Coniophanes with 19 dorsal scale rows (very rarely 21) ; ventrals 117-134; caudals 70-88 ; ventral minus caudals, male less than 50, female less than 61 (except in Campeche). A well-defined light temporal stripe present. A mid-dorsal stripe may be continuous, broken into spots, or missing, but not more than 1 scale wide. The dark lateral stripes are not distinctly bicolored (lighter below than above) except anteriorly. Hemipenis as defined above.” (Bailey 1937) 
CommentOriginal description given by TAYLOR 1949 as “Girard, The U. S. Naval Astronomical Expedition to the Southern Hemisphere during the years 1849-'50-'51-'52, Reptiles, Senate Doc, no. 121, 1855: 216”. 
EtymologyThe specific name is derived from the Latin word imperialis, meaning "of the empire," in reference to its regal appearance. 
References
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