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Crotalus intermedius TROSCHEL, 1865

IUCN Red List - Crotalus intermedius - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesCrotalus intermedius intermedius TROSCHEL in MÜLLER 1865
Crotalus intermedius gloydi TAYLOR 1941
Crotalus intermedius omiltemanus GÜNTHER 1895 
Common NamesE: Mexican Smallhead Rattlesnake
S: Viborilla 
SynonymCrotalus intermedius intermedius TROSCHEL in MÜLLER 1865
Crotalus intermedius TROSCHEL in MÜLLER 1865
Crotalus intermedius intermedius KLAUBER 1952: 9
Crotalus intermedius intermedius — LINER 1994
Crotalus intermedius — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 286
Aechmophrys (Cottonus) intermedius — HOSER 2009
Crotalus intermedius — WALLACH et al. 2014: 191

Crotalus intermedius gloydi TAYLOR 1941
Crotalus triseriatus gloydi TAYLOR 1941
Crotalus gloydi lautus SMITH 1946
Crotalus intermedius gloydi DAVIS & DIXON 1957
Crotalus intermedius gloydi — LINER 1994
Crotalus intermedius gloydi — BRYSON 2007

Crotalus intermedius omiltemanus GÜNTHER 1895
Crotalus omiltemanus GÜNTHER 1895
Crotalus intermedius omiltemanus KLAUBER 1952: 14
Crotalus triseriatus BOULENGER 1896
Crotalus intermedius omiltemanus — LINER 1994
Crotalus intermedius omiltemanus — BRYSON 2007 
DistributionMexico (disjunct populations in SE Hidalgo, Puebla, SW Tlaxcala, WC Veracruz, Oaxaca, Guerrero)

intermedius: Mexico (Michoacan, NE Puebla, WC Veracruz, C Oaxaca)

gloydi: Mexico (C Oaxaca, Michoacan); Type locality: Mexico: Cerro San Felip, Oaxaca; E. H. Taylor; 1940.

omiltemanus: Mexico (C Guerrero)  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesHolotype: lost, originally in Müller collection, later in Bonn (ZFMK); destroyed in World War II, according to R. Mertens (pers. comm.) in Klauber (1952: 10).
Holotype: INHS (= UIMNH) 25070 (23645) [gloydi]
Syntypes: BMNH 1946.1.19.28-29 (both formerly BMNH 93.3.15.11). [omiltemanus]
Holotype: USNM 110598 [Crotalus gloydi lautus] 
Diagnosis 
CommentVenomous!

Crotalus intermedius FISCHER 1882 is a primary homonym of Crotalus intermedius TROSCHEL in MÜLLER 1865 (Holotypus: UMB 435 missing and may be lost).

Nomenclature: Hoser’s 2009 classification and nomenclature has been rejected as unnecessary and unavailable by WÜSTER & BERNILS 2011. 
References
  • Alvarado-Diaz, J. & Campbell, J.A. 2004. A new montane rattlesnake (Viperidae) from Michoacán, Mexico. Herpetologica 60 (2): 281-286 - get paper here
  • Arenas, Carlos Yañez; A. Townsend Peterson, Pierre Mokondoko, Octavio Rojas-Soto, Enrique Martínez-Meyer 2014. The Use of Ecological Niche Modeling to Infer Potential Risk Areas of Snakebite in the Mexican State of Veracruz. PLoS One 9 (6): e100957. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100957 - get paper here
  • Bryson Jr, Robert W.; Robert W. Murphy,Matthew R. Graham, Amy Lathrop and David Lazcano 2011. Ephemeral Pleistocene woodlands connect the dots for highland rattlesnakes of the Crotalus intermedius group. Journal of Biogeography 38: - get paper here
  • Bryson, R.W. 2007. Fotopirsch auf Gebirgsklapperschlangen. Reptilia (Münster) 12 (66): 32-37 - get paper here
  • Campbell, J.A. & Lamar, W.W. 1989. The Venomous Reptiles of Latin America. Comstock Publishing/Cornell University Press, Ithaca
  • Canseco-Márquez, L., & Gutiérrrez-Mayén, M.G. 2010. Anfibios y reptiles del Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán. Comisión Nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, México D.F., Mexico, 302 pp - get paper here
  • Casas-Andreu, G., F.R. Méndez-De la Cruz and X. Aguilar-Miguel. 2004. Anfibios y Reptiles; pp. 375–390, in A.J.M. García-Mendoza, J. Ordoñez and M. Briones-Salas (ed.). Biodiversidad de Oaxaca. Instituto de Biología, UNAM-Fondo Oaxaqueño para la Conservación de la Naturaleza-World Wildlife Fund, México, D. F.
  • Davis,W.B. & Dixon,J.R. 1957. Notes on Mexican Snakes (Ophidia). Southwestern Naturalist 2: 19-27 - get paper here
  • Fernández-Badillo, Leonardo, Cristian Raúl Olvera-Olvera and Ferdinand Torres-Angeles. 2016. Crotalus intermedius (Troschel, 1865). Mesoamerican Herpetology 3 (2): 526-527 - get paper here
  • Fernández-Badillo, Leonardo, Nallely Morales-Capellán, Irene Goyenechea and Uriel Hernández-Salinas. 2013. Geographic Distribution: Crotalus intermedius (Mexican small-headed rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 44 (3): 475-476 - get paper here
  • Fernández-Badillo, Leonardo; Norma Leticia Manríquez-Morán; Jesús Martín Castillo-Cerón & Irene Goyenechea 2016. Análisis herpetofaunístico de la zona árida del estado de Hidalgo. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87: 156–170 - get paper here
  • García-Padilla, Elí, Ciro A. Rodríguez-Pérez, Vicente Mata-Silva, Dominic L. DeSantis and Larry David Wilson. 2016. Crotalus intermedius Troschel, 1865. Arboreality. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3 (2): 496-497 - get paper here
  • Gloyd, Howard K. 1940. The rattlesnakes, genera Sistrurus and Crotalus. The Chicago Academy of Sciences (Special Publication Number 4): 1-270 - get paper here
  • Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp
  • Hernández-Jandete, R., L. Fernández-Badillo, A. Ibarra-Bautista, and C. R. Olvera-Olvera. 2017. Crotalus intermedius (Troschel, 1865). Mexico, Hidalgo. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(3): 678 - get paper here
  • Hoser, R. 2009. A reclassification of the rattlesnakes; species formerly exclusively referred to the genera Crotalus and Sistrurus. Australasian J. Herpetol. 3: 1-21 - get paper here
  • Ibarra-Bautista, A., R. Hernández-Jandete, R. D. Arellano-Pinacho and Fernández-Badillo. 2017. Crotalus intermedius Troschel, 1865. Mexico, Hidalgo. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(2): 485 - get paper here
  • Illescas-Aparicio, M., Clark-Tapia, R., González-Hernández, A., Vásquez-Díaz, Pedro R. & Aguirre-Hidalgo, V. 2016. Diversidad y riqueza herpetofaunística asociada al bosque de manejo forestal y áreas de cultivo, en Ixtlán de Juárez, Oaxaca. Acta Zoológica Mexicana (n.s.) 32(3): 359-369 - get paper here
  • Jadin RC, Mihaljevic JR, Orlofske SA. 2019. Do New World pitvipers “scale‐down” at high elevations? Macroecological patterns of scale characters and body size. Ecol Evol. 00:1–14 - get paper here
  • Kalki, Y; Schramer, T D; West, T R & Wylie, D B; 2019. Crotalus intermedius (Mexican Small-headed Rattlesnake) Reproduction. Herpetological Review 50 (3): 590 - get paper here
  • Klauber, Laurence M. 1952. Taxonomic studies on rattlesnakes of Mainland Mexico. Bulletins of the Zoological Society of San Diego (26): 1-143 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal, Julio A., Geoffrey R. Smith 2015. Amphibians and reptiles of the state of Hidalgo, Mexico. Check List 11 (3): 1642 - get paper here
  • Martín-Regalado, N.; M. C. Lavariega, R. M. Gómez–Ugalde & C. Rodríguez–Pérez 2016. Anfibios y reptiles de la sierra de Cuatro Venados, Oaxaca, México. Arxius de Miscel·lània Zoològica, 14 (2016): 217–232 - get paper here
  • Mata-Silva, Vicente, Jerry D. Johnson, Larry David Wilson and Elí García-Padilla. 2015. The herpetofauna of Oaxaca, Mexico: composition, physiographic distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (1): 6–62 - get paper here
  • McCranie J R 1991. Crotalus intermedius Troschel. Mexican small-headed rattlesnake. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles ( 519: 1-4 - get paper here
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
  • Meik, Jesse M and André Pires-daSilva 2009. Evolutionary morphology of the rattlesnake style. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009, 9:35 - get paper here
  • Müller, Johann Wilhelm 1865. Reisen in den Vereinigten Staaten, Canada und Mexiko. III. Beiträge zur Geschichte, Statistik und Zoologie von Mexiko. Dritte Abtheilung. Die Wirbeltiere Mexikos. III. Amphibia [Amphibia by Hugo Troschel, pp. 595-620]. Leipzig, Brockhaus. xiv + 643 pp. - get paper here
  • NIXON, R. & LANGNER, C. 2017. Erster Hinweis auf epizoisches Algenwachstum an Segmenten der Rassel der mexikanischen Zwergklapperschlange Crotalus intermedius gloydi Taylor, 1941. Sauria 39 (1): 47-50 - get paper here
  • Palacios-Aguilar, Ricardo & OSCAR FLORES-VILLELA 2018. An updated checklist of the herpetofauna from Guerrero, Mexico. Zootaxa 4422 (1): 1-24 - get paper here
  • Perea-Pérez, Á; Peralta-Hernández, R; Corona-Garduño, O & García-Vázquez, U O; 2019. Geographic Distribution: Crotalus intermedius (Mexican Small-headed Rattlesnake). México: Veracruz: Municipality of Acajete. Herpetological Review 50 (2): 330 - get paper here
  • Schramer, Tristan David; Yatin Kalki, Taylor Renae West, Daniel B. Wylie 2020. NOTES ON THE DIET OF Crotalus intermedius TROSCHEL, 1865. Rev. Latinoamer. Herp. 3 (1): 111-115 - get paper here
  • Serna-Lagunes, Ricardo; Gerardo Benjamín Torres-Cantú, Pablo Andrés-Meza, Norma Mora-Collado, Régulo Carlos Llarena-Hernández, Otto Raúl Leyva-Ovalle 2020. Altitudinal adaptation of Crotalus intermedius Troschel, 1865 in a natural protected area from Mexico (Squamata: Viperidae). Herpetology Notes 13: 883-889 - get paper here
  • Taylor, Edward H. 1941. Herpetology Miscellany, No. II. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 27 (7): 105-132 - get paper here
  • Torres-Hernández, LA, Ramírez-Bautista A, Cruz-Elizalde R, Hernández-Salinas U, Berriozabal-Islas C, DeSantis DL, Johnson JD, Rocha A, García-Padilla E, Mata-Silva V, Fucsko LA, and Wilson LD. 2021. The herpetofauna of Veracruz, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 15(2) [General Section]: 72–155 - get paper here
  • VALENCIA-HERNÁNDEZ, Ángel Alberto; Irene GOYENECHEA & Jesús Martín CASTILLO-CERÓN 2007. NOTES ON SCUTELLATION, LENGTH, AND DISTRIBUTION OF RATTLESNAKES (SERPENTES: VIPERIDADE: CROTALUS) IN THE STATE OF HIDALGO, MEXICO. Acta Zoológica Mexicana (n.s.) 23 (3):29-33 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Woolrich-Piña, G. A., E. García-Padilla, D. L. DeSantis, J. D. Johnson, V. Mata-Silva, and L. D. Wilson 2017. The herpetofauna of Puebla, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(4): 791–884 - get paper here
  • Wüster, W. & Bérnils, R.S. 2011. On the generic classification of the rattlesnakes, with special reference to the Neotropical Crotalus durissus complex (Squamata: Viperidae). ZOOLOGIA 28 (4): 417–419 - get paper here
 
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