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Crotalus molossus BAIRD & GIRARD, 1853

IUCN Red List - Crotalus molossus - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesCrotalus molossus molossus BAIRD & GIRARD 1853
Crotalus molossus nigrescens GLOYD 1936
Crotalus molossus oaxacus GLOYD 1948 
Common NamesE: Black Tailed Rattlesnake, Northern Black Tailed Rattlesnake; nigrescens: Mexican black-tailed Rattlesnake; oaxacus: Oaxacan Black-tailed Rattlesnake)
G: Schwarzschwanz-Klapperschlange
S: Cascabel Serrana 
SynonymCrotalus molossus molossus BAIRD & GIRARD 1853
Crotalus molossus BAIRD & GIRARD 1853: 10
Crotalus molossus molossus — GLOYD 1936
Crotalus molossus molossus — KLAUBER 1952: 84
Crotalus molossus molossus — STEBBINS 1985: 230
Crotalus molossus molossus — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 237
Crotalus molossus molossus — LINER 1994
Crotalus molossus — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 289
Crotalus molossus molossus — TENNANT & BARTLETT 2000: 528
Crotalus molossus — ERNST & ERNST 2003: 517
Caudisona (Smythus) molossus — HOSER 2009
Crotalus molossus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 192
Crotalus molossus molossus — MUÑOZ-MORA et al. 2022

Crotalus molossus nigrescens GLOYD 1936
Crotalus molossus nigrescens GLOYD 1936
Crotalus molossus nigrescens — KLAUBER 1952: 97
Crotalus molossus nigrescens — FUGLER 1956
Crotalus molossus nigrescens — KISSER 1980
Crotalus molossus nigrescens — LINER 1994
Crotalus molossus nigrescens — OLIVIER 2008
Crotalus molossus nigrescens — SPRANGER 2015: 8
Crotalus molossus nigrescens — MUÑOZ-MORA et al. 2022

Crotalus molossus oaxacus GLOYD 1948
Crotalus molossus oaxacus GLOYD 1948
Crotalus molossus oaxacus — LINER 1994
Crotalus molossus oaxacus — BEAMAN & HAYES 2008
Crotalus molossus oaxacus — MUÑOZ-MORA et al. 2022 
DistributionUSA (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas), Mexico (Hidalgo, Aguascalientes, Quéretaro, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Morelos, Jalisco, Guanajuato, Nuevo León, Puebla, Sinaloa, Nayarit etc.)

nigrescens: Mexico (S Sonora, SW Chihuahua, Durango, S Coahuila, south to Oaxaca and Veracruz, Tlaxcala (HR 34: 387)); Type locality: Zacatecas, 6.4 km W La Colorada.

oaxacus: Mexico (Oaxaca); Type locality: “Oaxaca”

molossus: USA (Texas, S New Mexico); Type locality: Fort Webster, Santa Rita del Cobre, New Mexico.  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesHolotype: USNM 485
Holotype: UMMZ 77833 [nigrescens]
Holotype: USNM 46467, female [oaxacus] 
Diagnosis 
CommentVenomous!

GRISMER (1999) elevated estebanensis to full species status based on morphology and coloration using an evolutionary species concept.

Phylogenetics: based on mitochondrial DNA sequences, molossus, nigrescens, and oaxacus are separate but paraphyletic lineages (Muñoz-Mora et al. 2022). However,Muñoz-Mora et al. 2022 refrained from explicitly elevating them to full species pending further data, although this may be the only way to avoid paraphyly.

Nomenclature: Hoser’s 2009 classification and nomenclature has been rejected as unnecessary and unavailable by WÜSTER & BERNILS 2011.

Similar species: C. ornatus. 
EtymologyThe specific name comes from a Latin word for a large ferocious dog from Molossia (Epirus), a preferred type of watchdog in Italy and Greece. The subspecific name, nigrescens, also is Latin and means "to become dark in color." (LEMOS-ESPINAL & DIXON 2013). The oaxacus is named after its locality. 
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