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Crotalus stephensi KLAUBER, 1930

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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Panamint Rattlesnake
G: Panamint-Klapperschlange 
SynonymCrotalus confluentus stephensi KLAUBER 1930
Crotalus mitchellii stephensi — KLAUBER 1936
Crotalus mitchellii stephensi — BRADLEY & DEACON 1966
Crotalus mitchellii stephensi — STEBBINS 1985: 229
Crotalus mitchellii stephensi — CROTHER 2000
Crotalus stephensi — DOUGLAS et al. 2007
Crotalus stephensi — BEAMAN & HAYES 2008
Matteoea stephensi — HOSER 2009
Crotalus stephensi — CROTHER et al. 2012
Crotalus stephensi — WALLACH et al. 2014: 195
Crotalus stephensi — MEIK et al. 2015 
DistributionUSA (SW Nevada, EC California), 1900 m elevation

Type locality: "two miles west of Jackson Springs, Panamint Mts., altitude 6200 ft., Inyo County, California."  
Reproductionviviparous (not imputed, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: MVZ 6699, male 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (4646 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentVenomous!

Nomenclature: Hoser’s 2009 classification and nomenclature has been rejected as unnecessary and unavailable by WÜSTER & BERNILS 2011.

Distribution: see map in Meik et al. 2015: Fig. 1 
Etymology...named in honor of my good friend Frank Stephens, Curator Emeritus of The San Diego Society of Natural History and a member of the Death Valley Expedition which first collected this form nearly forty years ago. 
References
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Bradley, W. Glen and James E. Deacon 1966. Amphibian and Reptile Records for Southern Nevada. Southwestern Naturalist 11 (1): 132-134 - get paper here
  • Crother, B. I. (ed.) 2012. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Seventh Edition. Herpetological Circular 39: 1-92
  • Douglas, Michael E.; Marlis R. Douglas, Gordon W. Schuett, Louis W. Porras & Blake L. Thomason 2007. GENEALOGICAL CONCORDANCE BETWEEN MITOCHONDRIAL AND NUCLEAR DNAS SUPPORTS SPECIES RECOGNITION OF THE PANAMINT RATTLESNAKE (CROTALUS MITCHELLII STEPHENSI). Copeia 2007 (4): 920–932 - get paper here
  • Hansen, Robert and Jackson D. Shedd 2025. California Amphibians and Reptiles. Princeton University Press, 528 pp. - get paper here
  • Hoser, R. 2009. A reclassification of the rattlesnakes; species formerly exclusively referred to the genera Crotalus and Sistrurus. Australasian J. Herpetol. 3: 1-21 - get paper here
  • Klauber, L. M. 1930. New and renamed subspecies of Crotalus confluentus Say, with remarks on related species. Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 6 (3): 95-144 - get paper here
  • Klauber, L. M. 1936. Crotalus mitchellii, the speckled rattlesnake. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 8 (19): 149-184 - get paper here
  • Meik JM, Streicher JW, Lawing AM, Flores-Villela O, Fujita MK 2015. Limitations of Climatic Data for Inferring Species Boundaries: Insights from Speckled Rattlesnakes. PLoS One 10 (6): e0131435; doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0131435 - get paper here
  • Pilliod, D., Jeffries, M., Arkle, R. and Olson, D. 2024. Climate Futures for Lizards and Snakes in Western North America May Result in New Species Management Issues. Ecol Evol, 14: e70379 - get paper here
  • Rodríguez-Robles, Javier A., Good, David A., Wake, David B. 2003. Brief History of Herpetology in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, with a List of Type Specimens of Recent Amphibians and Reptiles. UC Publications in Zoology, 119 pp. - get paper here
  • Spinner, L. 2017. Die Klapperschlangen der USA in Natur und Terrarium. Reptilia (Münster) 22 (124): 18-33 - get paper here
  • Stebbins,R.C. 1985. A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians, 2nd ed. Houghton Mifflin, Boston
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Werning, Heiko 2012. Die Reptilien und Amphibien des Südwestens. Draco 13 (50): 18-60 - get paper here
  • Wüster, W. & Bérnils, R.S. 2011. On the generic classification of the rattlesnakes, with special reference to the Neotropical Crotalus durissus complex (Squamata: Viperidae). ZOOLOGIA 28 (4): 417–419 - get paper here
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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