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Crotalus vegrandis KLAUBER, 1941

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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Uracoan Rattlesnake
G: Uracoa-Klapperschlange 
SynonymCrotalus vegrandis KLAUBER 1941: 334
Crotalus durissus vegrandis — KLAUBER 1956
Crotalus vegrandis — HOGE 1966
Crotalus vegrandis — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 77
Crotalus vegrandis — MCCRANIE 1984
Crotalus durissus vegrandis — WELCH 1994: 45
Crotalus vegrandis — KORNACKER 1999: 175
Crotalus durissus vegrandis — CAMPBELL & LAMAR 2004
Crotalus durissus vegrandis — QUIJADA-MASCAREÑAS & WÜSTER 2006
Caudisona vegrandis — HOSER 2009
Crotalus vegrandis — RIVAS et al. 2012
Crotalus vegrandis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 196
Crotalus vegrandis — BENYR 2016
Crotalus durissus vegrandis — CARBAJAL-MÁRQUEZ et al. 2020 
DistributionE Venezuela

Type locality: Uracoa, District Sotillo, Maturin, Estado Monagas, Venezuela.  
Reproductionovovivparous. 
TypesHolotype: CM, Paratype SDNHM = SDSNH 34607 
Diagnosis 
CommentVenomous!

Synonymy: RIVAS et al. 2012 consider C. vegrandis a full species mostly based on the following morphological differences: smaller length, peculiar colour pattern composed of gray and/or reddish brown ground colour with large white flecks distributed as irregular rings (vs rhomboidal blotches in C. durissus). However, CARBAJAL-MÁRQUEZ et al. 2020 found that vegrandis is more closely related to durissus than C. vegrandis, hence both should be subspecies of durissus (or possibly valid species.)

Nomenclature: Hoser’s 2009 classification and nomenclature has been rejected as unnecessary and unavailable by WÜSTER & BERNILS 2011. 
References
  • Benyr, Gerald 2016. Eine Checkliste von Sicherheitsvorkehrungen bei der Haltung von Giftschlangen. Terraria-Elaphe 2016 (2): 66-70 - get paper here
  • Campbell, Jonathan A. and William W. Lamar 2004. The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere, 2 vols. Comstock (Cornell University Press), Ithaca, NY, 962 pp. [review in Science 305: 182]
  • CARBAJAL-MÁRQUEZ, RUBÉN ALONSO; JOSÉ ROGELIO CEDEÑO-VÁZQUEZ, ARELY MARTÍNEZ-ARCE, EDGAR NERI-CASTRO, SALIMA C. MACHKOUR- M’RABET 2020. Accessing cryptic diversity in Neotropical rattlesnakes (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalus) with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 4729 (4): 451–481 - get paper here
  • Chiszar, D., J. Chiszar, T. Walsh, B. Demeter & H.M. Smith 1984. Effect of male courtship on strike-induced chemosensory searching in a female Uracoan rattlesnake (Crotalus vegrandis) at National Zoo Bull. Maryland Herpetol. Soc., 20(4): 145-151. - get paper here
  • Hoge, A.R. 1966. Preliminary account on Neotropical Crotalinae (Serpentes: Viperidae). Mem. Inst. Butantan 32 [1965]: 109-184 - get paper here
  • Hoser, R. 2009. A reclassification of the rattlesnakes; species formerly exclusively referred to the genera Crotalus and Sistrurus. Australasian J. Herpetol. 3: 1-21 - get paper here
  • Klauber, Laurence M. 1941. A new species of rattlesnake from Venezuela. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 9 (30): 333-336 - get paper here
  • Kornacker,P.M. 1999. Checklist and key to the snakes of Venezuela. PaKo-Verlag, Rheinbach, Germany, 270 pp.
  • Lancini-Villalaz, A.R. 1966. Crotalus vegrandis KLAUBER, redescripción y distribución. Mem. Inst. Butantan 33 (3): 725-734
  • McCranie J R 1984. Crotalus vegrandis Klauber. Uracoan rattlesnake. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles ( 350: 1-2 - get paper here
  • Pérez-Iglesias, Juan Manuel; Jofré, Laura E.; Rueda, Marta Patricia 2017. Primeros registros de la herpetofauna en dos areas naturales protegidas de la provincia de Santiago del Estero (Argentina). Cuad. herpetol. 32 (1): 49-57 - get paper here
  • Peters, James A.; Donoso-Barros, Roberto & Orejas-Miranda, Braulio 1970. Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata: Part I Snakes. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 297: 347 pp. - get paper here
  • Quijada-Mascareñas & Wüster, W. 2006. Crotalus durissus complex: from Yucatan to Patagonia: the natural history of the Neotropical rattlesnake. Reptilia (GB) (49): 66-73 - get paper here
  • RIVAS, GILSON A.; CÉSAR R. MOLINA, GABRIEL N. UGUETO, TITO R. BARROS, CÉSAR L. BAR- RIO-AMORÓS & PHILIPPE J. R. KOK 2012. Reptiles of Venezuela: an updated and commented checklist. Zootaxa 3211: 1–64 - get paper here
  • Strimple, Pete 1993. Crotalus vegrandis Klauber (Uracoan rattlesnake). Litteratura Serpentium 13 (2): 51-55 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Welch, K. R. G. 1994. Snakes of the World. A Checklist. I. Venomous snakes. KCM Books, Somerset, England.
 
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