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Daboia palaestinae (WERNER, 1938)

IUCN Red List - Daboia palaestinae - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaViperidae, Viperinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Palestine Viper
G: Palästinaviper 
SynonymVipera palaestinae WERNER 1938
Vipera xanthina palaestinae — MERTENS 1952
Vipera palaestinae — NILSON & SUNDBERG 1981
Daboia (Daboia) palaestinae — OBST 1983: 233
Vipera palaestinae — WELCH 1994: 123
Vipera palaestinae — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 407
Vipera palaestinae — DISI et al. 2001: 339
Daboia palaestinae — MALLOW et al. 2003
Vipera (s.l.) palaestinae — VENCHI & SINDACO 2006
Daboia palaestinae — STÜMPEL & JOGER 2009
Vipera palaestinae — GRUBER 2009
Vipera palaestinae — VOLYNCHIK 2011
Maxhoservipera palaestinae — HOSER 2012 (preliminary)
Daboia palaestinae — WALLACH et al. 2014: 207
Daboia palaestinae — MEIRI et al. 2019 
DistributionSyria, Jordan, Israel, Lebanon

Type locality: Haifa, Israel (given as “Palaestina”)  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: ZSM 70/1938 
Diagnosis 
CommentVenomous!

Distribution: Not found in Turkey but close to the Turkish-Syrian border (Latakia; fide NILSON et al. 1988). For a map see Sindaco et al. 2013 and Bar et al. 2021.

Daboia palaestinae is the national snake of Israel. 
EtymologyNamed after the type locality. 
References
  • AGAJANY, NETANEL; ERAN KOZER, NETTA AGAJANY, DANIEL TROTZKY, IBRAHIM ABU KISHK & ILAN YOUNGSTER. 2022. Is severity of Daboia (Vipera) palaestinae snakebites influenced by season of exposure? Toxicon 206: 51–54. - get paper here
  • Al-Quran, S. 2009. The Herpetofauna of the Southern Jordan. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 6 (4): 385-391 [this journal has a dubious record, see http://goo.gl/81SBPv]
  • Bar, A., Haimovitch, G. and Meiri, S. 2021. Field guide to the amphibians and reptiles of Israel. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt Am Main. ISBN 9783-89973-120-0 - get paper here
  • Bar, Aviad and Guy Haimovitch 2012. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Israel. Pazbar LTD, 246 pp. - get paper here
  • Damhoureyeh, S.A.; Qarqaz, M.A.; Baker, M.A.; Himdan, N.; Eid, E. & Amr, Z.S. 2009. Reptiles and Amphibians in Dibbeen Nature Reserve, Jordan. Vertebrate Zoology 59 (2): 169 – 177
  • Disi, A.M.; Modry, D.; Necas, P. & Rifai, L. 2001. Amphibians and reptiles of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 408 pp.
  • Esterbauer, H. 1985. Zur Herpetofauna Südwestsyriens. Herpetofauna 7 (38): 23-34 - get paper here
  • Garrigues, Thomas; Catherine Dauga; Elisabeth Ferquel; Valérie Choumet and Anna-Bella Failloux 2005. Molecular phylogeny of Vipera Laurenti, 1768 and the related genera Macrovipera (Reuss, 1927) and Daboia (Gray, 1842), with comments about neurotoxic Vipera aspis aspis populations. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution <br />Volume 35 (1): 35-47 - get paper here
  • Gruber, U. 2009. Die Schlangen Europas, 2. Aufl. Kosmos Naturführer, 266 pp.
  • Handal, Elias N.; Zuhair S. Amr, Mazin B. Qumsiyeh 2016. Some Records of Reptiles from the Palestinian Territories. Russ. J. Herpetol. 23 (4): 261-270 - get paper here
  • Hoser, R. 2012. A taxonomic revision of the Vipera palaestinae Werner, 1938 species group, with the creation of a new genus and a new subgenus. Australasian J. Herpetol. 11: 53-55 - get paper here
  • Hraoui-Bloquet, S.; Sadek, R.A.; Sindaco, R. & Venchi, A. 2002. The herpetofauna of Lebanon: new data on distribution. Zoology in the Middle East 27: 35-46 - get paper here
  • Keydar, Y. & E. Eylan & H. Mendelssohn & U. Marder 1971. Infektionen durch Pseudomonas aeruginosa bei der Palästinaviper, Vipera xanthina palaestinae. Salamandra 7 (3-4): 101-116 - get paper here
  • Lillywhite, Harvey B. 2014. How Snakes Work: Structure, Function and Behavior of the World's Snakes. Oxford University Press, New York, 256 pp
  • Mallow, D. Ludwig, D. & Nilson, G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Krieger, Malabar, Florida, 410 pp. [review in HR 35: 200, Reptilia 35: 74]
  • Martínez-Freiría, Fernando; Pierre-André Crochet, Soumia Fahd, Philippe Geniez, José C Brito, Guillermo Velo-Antón 2017. Integrative phylogeographical and ecological analysis reveals multiple Pleistocene refugia for Mediterranean Daboia vipers in north-west Africa,. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , blx038 - get paper here
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
  • Meiri, Shai; Amos Belmaker, Daniel Berkowic, Kesem Kazes, Erez Maza, Guy Bar-Oz and Roi Dor 2019. A checklist of Israeli land vertebrates. Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution - get paper here
  • Mertens, R. 1952. Türkiye amfibi ve reptilleri hakkinda. Amphibien und Reptilien aus der Türkei. Rev. Istanbul Üniversitesi fen Fakültesi Mecmuasi, 17:41-75. - get paper here
  • Modrý, P., Rifai, L., Abu Baker, M. & Amr, Z. 2004. Amphibians and reptiles of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Denisia 14 (Neue Serie 2): 407-420 - get paper here
  • Nilson, G., Andren, C., & Flärdh, B. 1988. Die Vipern der Türkei. Salamandra 24 (4): 215-247 - get paper here
  • Nilson,G. & Sundberg,P. 1981. The taxonomic status of the Vipera xanthina complex. Journal of Herpetology 15 (3): 379-381 - get paper here
  • Obst, F.J. 1983. Zur Kenntnis der Schlangengattung Vipera. Zool. Abh. staatl. Mus. Tierkunde Dresden 38: 229-235
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • Phelps, T. 2010. Old World Vipers. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 558 pp. [critical review in Sauria 33 (3): 19 and HR 43: 503]
  • Schmidt,K.P. 1939. Reptiles and amphibians from Southwestern Asia. Publ. Field Mus. nat. Hist., zool. Ser., 24: 49-92 - get paper here
  • SENTER, PHILIP J. & IDAN GARAMA. 2021. DABOIA PALAESTINAE (Palestine Viper). COMBAT. Herpetological Review 52 (2): 421. - get paper here
  • Sindaco, R.; Alberto Venchi & Cristina Grieco 2013. The Reptiles of the Western Palearctic, Volume 2: Annotated Checklist and Distributional Atlas of the Snakes of Europe, North Africa, Middle East and Central Asia, with an Update to Volume 1. Edizioni Belvedere, Latina (Italy), 543 pp. - get paper here
  • Stümpel, Nikolaus; Ulrich Joger 2009. Recent advances in phylogeny and taxonomy of Near and Middle Eastern Vipers – an update. ZooKeys 31: 179-191 - get paper here
  • Venchi, Alberto and Roberto Sindaco 2006. Annotated checklist of the reptiles of the Mediterranean countries, with keys to species identification. Part 2 -Snakes (Reptilia, Serpentes). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale "G. Doria", Genova, XCVIII: 259-364
  • Volynchik, Stanislav 2011. Morphology of Vipera palaestinae: Intraspecific Variability and Sexual Dimorphism. Russ. J. Herpetol. 18 (4): 260–272 - get paper here
  • VOLYNCHIK, Stanislav 2012. Morphological Variability in Vipera palaestinae along an Environmental Gradient. Asian Herpetological Research 3 (3): 227–239 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Werner,F. 1938. Eine verkannte Viper (Vipera palaestinae n. sp.). Zool. Anz. 122: 313-318 - get paper here
 
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