Elseya lavarackorum (WHITE & ARCHER, 1994)

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Higher Taxa	Chelidae, Chelodininae, Pleurodira, Testudines (turtles)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Gulf Snapping Turtle, Lavarack's Turtle
Synonym	Emydura lavarackorum WHITE & ARCHER 1994 Elseya lavarackorum — THOMSON, WHITE & GEORGES 1997 Elseya lavarackorum — COGGER 2000: 739 Elseya dentata lavarackorum — ARTNER 2008 Elseya lavarackorum — GEORGES & THOMSON 2010 Elseya (Pelocomastes) lavarackorum — THOMSON et al. 2015 Elseya (Pelocomastes) lavarackorum — TTWG 2017: 195 Elseya oneiros JOSEPH-OUNI et al. 2020 Elseya lavarackorum — TTWG 2021 Elseya lavarackorum — JOSEPH-OUNI et al. 2022 Elseya oneiros — JOSEPH-OUNI et al. 2022
Distribution	Australia (Queensland: Nicholson Drainage) Type locality: Terrace Site, an excavation in fluviatile sediments exposed on the south bank of the Gregory River, Riversleigh Station, northwestern of Mount Isa (Pleistocene), Queensland, Australia (18º35'S 138º35'E).
Reproduction	oviparous.
Types	Holotype: QM F24121
Diagnosis
Comment	Conservation: this species is extinct and only known from fossils. However, Thomson et al. 1997 concluded that the species is actually extant with populations in the Nicholson River. Joseph-Ouni et al. (2020) described this population as Elseya (Pelocomastes) oneiros which was considered as a synonym of lavarackorum by TTWG 2021. Joseph-Ouni et al. (2022) provided further evidence that oneiros is a valid, extant species. Type species: Pelocomastes ampla De Vis 1897 [fossil, = subjective synonym of Chelymys uberrima De Vis 1897 (fossil), is the type species of the subgenus Pelocomastes DE VIS 1897. Distribution: see map in JOSEPH-OUNI et al. 2022: 110 (Fig. 3).
Etymology	Named after Tim and Sue Lavarack, Australian paleontologists who discovered the fossil of the turtle. It has subsequently been found to be still extant.
References	Artner, H. 2008. The world's extant turtle species, Part 1. Emys 15 (3): 4-32 Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here Bour, R. 2008. Global diversity of turtles (Chelonii; Reptilia) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia 595:593–598 - get paper here Cogger, H. G. 2014. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia, 7th ed. CSIRO Publishing, xxx + 1033 pp. - get paper here Cogger, H.G. 2000. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia, 6th ed. Ralph Curtis Publishing, Sanibel Island, 808 pp. Joseph-Ouni, M., McCord, W.P., Cann, J., Smales, I., Freeman, A., Sadlier, R., Couper, P., White, A. & Amey, A. 2020. The relics of Riversleigh: Re-examination of the fossil record of Elseya (Testudines: Chelidae) with description of a new species from the Gulf of Carpentaria drainages, Queensland, Australia. The Batagur Monographs 3: 5–70 - get paper here Joseph-Ouni, M., White, A., Smales, I., Sadlier, R., Cann, J., McCord, W.P., Couper, P., Amey, A. & Freeman, A. 2022. Further evidence in support of the recognition of the Freshwater Turtle Elseya oneiros (Testudines: Chelidae) from the Nicholson and Gregory Rivers of Northern Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum - Nature. 63: 93–112 Joseph-Ouni, Mehdi, William P. McCord & Cann, John 2022. A NEW SPECIES OF ELSEYA (TESTUDINES: CHELIDAE) FROM THE RIVERS OF THE KIMBERLEY,WESTERN AUSTRALIA. The Batagur Monographs 5: 35-54 Thomson, S.; Amepou, Y., Anamiato, J. & Georges, A. 2015. A new species and subgenus of Elseya (Testudines: Pleurodira: Chelidae) from New Guinea. Zootaxa 4006 (1): 059–082 - get paper here Thomson, Scott, Arthur Georges and Colin J. Limpus 2006. A new species of freshwater turtle in the genus Elseya (Testudines: Chelidae) from Central Coastal Queensland, Australia. Chelonian Conserv. Biol. 5 (1): 74-86. - get paper here Thomson,S., White,A. & Georges,A. 1997. Re-evaluation of Emydura lavarackorum: identification of a living fossil. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 42 (1): 327-336 - get paper here TTWG; Anders G.J. Rhodin, John B. iverson, Roger Bour, Uwe Fritz, Arthur GeoRges, H. BRadley Shaffer, and Peter Paul van Dijk 2017. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (8th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., van Dijk, P.P., Saumure, R.A., Buhlmann, K.A., Pritchard, P.C.H., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Ed Chelonian Research Monographs 7:1–292. doi: 10.3854/crm.7.checklist.atlas.v8.2017 - get paper here TTWG; Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., Bour, R., Fritz, U., Georges, A., Shaffer, H.B., and van Dijk, P.P. 2021. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (9th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., van Dijk, P.P., Stanford, C.B., Goode, E.V., Buhlmann, K.A., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Chelonian Research Monographs 8:1–472. doi:10.3854/crm.8.checklist.atlas.v9.2021. - get paper here Vis, C.W. de 1897. The extinct freshwater turtles of Queensland. Annals of the Queensland Museum 3:1–7 White A W; Archer M 1994. Emydura lavarackorum, a new Pleistocene turtle (Pleurodira: Chelidae) from fluviatile deposits at Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland. Rec. South Austral. Mus. 27 (2): 159-167 - get paper here Wilson, S. & Swan, G. 2010. A complete guide to reptiles of Australia, 3rd ed. Chatswood: New Holland, 558 pp.
External links	National Center for Biotechnology Information http://www.amonline.net.au/herpetology/research/pdf/chelidae.pdf http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/reptiles/Crotalus_unicolor/ http://www.arod.com.au/arod/reptilia/Testudines/Cheluidae/Elseya… Google images

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