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Enyalioides anisolepis TORRES-CARVAJAL, VENEGAS & DE QUEIROZ, 2015

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Higher TaxaHoplocercidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesEnglish: rough-scaled woodlizard
Spanish: lagartija de palo de escamas ásperas 
SynonymEnyalioides anisolepis TORRES-CARVAJAL, VENEGAS & DE QUEIROZ 2015 
DistributionN Peru (Cajamarca), S Ecuador (Zamora-Chinchipe: elevation 724– 1742 m on the Amazonian slopes of the Andes)

Type locality: eastern bank of the Mayo river, 4.5 km ESE Zumba, -4.88605°S, -79.08738°W (DD), 765 m elevation, Provincia Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador  
Reproductionoviparous (manual imputation, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: QCAZ 12537 (Fig. 5), an adult male, collected on 11 April 2014 by D.A. Paucar, D. Almeida-Reinoso, G. Galarza and D. Pareja. Paratypes (14). ECUADOR: Provincia Zamora-Chinchipe: QCAZ 12521, juve- nile with the same collection data as the holotype except -4.88673°S, -79.08744°W, 738 m; QCAZ 12527, adult male (Fig. 6) with the same collection data as the holo- type except -4.87147°S, -79.08542°W, 738 m; QCAZ 12528, juvenile with the same collection data as the holotype except -4.87136°S, -79.08534°W, 738 m; QCAZ 12531, female with the same collection data as the holotype except -4.87808°S, -79.08956°W, 738 m; QCAZ 12535, juvenile (Fig. 6) with the same collection data as the holotype except -4.88658°S, -79.08747°W, 731 m; QCAZ 12536, juvenile with the same collection data as the holotype except -4.88622°S, -79.08737°W, 744 m; QCAZ 12552, female (Fig. 6) with the same collection data as the holotype except -4.87589°S, -79.08995°W, 741 m; QCAZ 12551, juvenile with the same collection data as the holotype except -4.87521°S, -79.08965°W, 724 m, collected on 12 April 2014; QCAZ 12517, adult male from Nuevo Paraíso, 700 m NW on road to Las Tres Aguas, -4,87109°S, -78,97579°W, 1742 m, collected on 10 April 2014 by the same collectors as the holotype; QCAZ 8395, female from Chito, sector Los Planes, -4.89814°S, -78.98095°W, collected on 16 February 2008 by S. Aldás-Alarcón; QCAZ 8515, female from Chito, sector Los Planes, -4.89726°S, -78.98191°W, collected on 18 February 2008 by S. Aldás-Alarcón; QCAZ 8428, female from Chito, 4.82037°S, -78.96247°W, 1724 m, collected on 14 February 2008 by S. Aldás-Alarcón. PERU: Provincia San Ignacio: Región Cajamarca: CORBIDI 870, female from Alto Ihua- maca-Namballe, -5.19448°S, -79.08048°W, 1616 m, collected on 26 August 2008 by M. Dobiey; MUSM 20675, adult female from El Sauce, Tabaconas Namballe National Sanctuary, -5.17897°S, -79.16347°W, 1600 m, collected in April 2003 by C. Aguilar. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Enyalioides anisolepis can be distinguished from other species of Enyalioides, except for E. heterolepis, by having conical dorsal head scales (only in E. anisolepis and E. heterolepis) and scattered, projecting, large scales on the dorsum, flanks, and hind limbs (also in E./Morunasaurus annularis and E./M. groi), which are conspicuous in adults of both sexes (Fig. 7). Besides occurring on opposite sides of the Andes, E. anisolepis differs from E. heterolepis (character states from Torres-Carvajal et al. 2011 in parentheses) in having fewer vertebral scales, 43–62, 50.87 ± 6.27 (52–98, 74.61 ± 10.39), a higher vertebral crest with the vertebrals on neck at least three times higher than those between the hind limbs (ver- tebrals on neck maximum twice as high as those between hind limbs), scattered dark spots on belly in juveniles and adults of both sexes (belly without scattered dark spots, blackish medially in some adult males), tail in adult males moderately compressed laterally (strongly compressed), and a marked sexual dichromatism (Fig. 6), with the dorsal background color greenish in males and brownish in females (both sexes with a brownish background).
The only other species of Enyalioides with scattered, projecting dorsal scales is E. cofanorum, which differs from E. anisolepis in lacking projecting scales on the hind limbs, and in being smaller in size (maximum SVL in males and females of E. cofano- rum 107 mm and 109 mm, respectively; 130 mm and 119 mm in E. anisolepis). Ad- ditionally, adults of both sexes of E. cofanorum have a brownish background (marked sexual dichromatism in E. anisolepis). 
Comment 
EtymologyThe specific epithet anisolepis is a noun (in apposition) in the nominative singular and derives from the Greek words anisos (= unequal) and lepis (= scale). It refers to the heterogeneous scales on the dorsum, flanks and hind limbs of lizards of this species. 
References
  • Kwet, A. 2016. Liste der im Jahr 2015 neu beschriebenen Reptilien. Terraria-Elaphe 2016 (3): 56-67 - get paper here
  • Torres-Carvajal O, Pazmiño-Otamendi G, Salazar-Valenzuela D. 2019. Reptiles of Ecuador: a resource-rich portal, with a dynamic checklist and photographic guides. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13 (1): [General Section]: 209–229 (e178) - get paper here
  • Torres-Carvajal O, Venegas PJ, de Queiroz K 2015. Three new species of woodlizards (Hoplocercinae, Enyalioides) from northwestern South America. ZooKeys 494: 107-132. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.494.8903 - get paper here
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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