Erythrolamprus miliaris (LINNAEUS, 1758)

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Higher Taxa	Colubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies	Erythrolamprus miliaris miliaris (LINNAEUS 1758) Erythrolamprus miliaris amazonicus (DUNN 1922) Erythrolamprus miliaris chrysostomus (COPE 1868) Erythrolamprus miliaris merremi (WIED 1821) Erythrolamprus miliaris orinus (GRIFFIN 1916)
Common Names	E: Military Ground Snake Portuguese: Cobra-D’água, Cobra-D’Água-Milhete, Cobra-de-Banhado, Cobra-do-Capim, Cobra-Lisa, Cobra-Lisa-Amazônica-de-Barriga-Imaculada, Cobra-Lisa-Serrana, Jararaca (juvenil), Jararaca-D’água, Parelheira
Synonym	Liophis miliaris miliaris (LINNAEUS 1758) Coluber miliaris LINNAEUS 1758: 220 Ablabes purpurans DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 312 Liophis cobella var. collaris JAN 1863 Liophis cobella var. collaris — JAN 1866 Coronella orientalis GÜNTHER 1864: 236 Diadophis purpurans — JAN 1866 Rhadinaea chrysostoma COPE 1868: 104 Coronella poecilolaemus GÜNTHER 1872: 19 Liophis purpurans — GÜNTHER 1872 Rhadinae [sic] purpurans — PRADO 1942: 1 Liophis purpurans — SCHMIDT & WALKER 1943: 285 Liophis purpurans — DUNN 1944: 490 Liophis purpurans — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 179 Liophis miliaris — FREIBERG 1982 Liophis miliaris — STARACE 1998: 216 Liophis purpurans — CLAESSEN 2003 Erythrolamprus miliaris — FORLANI et al. 2010 Erythrolamprus miliaris — GRAZZIOTIN et al. 2012 Liophis miliaris — COLE et al. 2013 Liophis miliaris — WALLACH et al. 2014: 383 Liophis miliaris — BERNARDE et al. 2012 Erythrolamprus miliaris amazonicus (DUNN 1922) Dromicus amazonicus DUNN 1922 Liophis miliaris amazonicus — DIXON 1983: 800 Liophis miliaris amazonicus — DO NASCIMENTO et al. 1987 Liophis miliaris amazonicus — AVILA & KAWASHITA-RIBEIRO 2011 Erythrolamprus miliaris chrysostomus (COPE 1868) Rhadinaea chrysostoma COPE 1868 Coronella poecilolaemus GÜNTHER 1872 Liophis chrysostomus — DIXON & SOINI 1977 Liophis miliaris chrysostomus — DIXON 1983 Liophis miliaris chrysostomus — FROTA 2005 Erythrolamprus miliaris crysostomus — CADENA-ORTIZ et al. 2017 (in error) Erythrolamprus miliaris merremi (WIED 1821) Coluber merremii WIED 1821 C.(oluber) dictyodes WIED 1824 Coluber bicolor REUSS 1834: 145 Coronella Merremi — SCHLEGEL 1837: 58 Liophis Merremi — DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 708 Coronella australis GÜNTHER 1858 Opheomorphus meleagris var. semilineatus COPE 1860 Liophis Merremii — JAN 1866 ? Liophis Merremii — BOULENGER 1886: 431 Liophis miliaris merremi — DIXON 1983: 800 Erythrolamprus miliaris merremi — MARQUES et al. 2016 Erythrolamprus miliaris orinus (GRIFFIN 1916) Rhadinaea orina GRIFFIN 1916: 195 Rhadinaea merremii natricoides WERNER 1926: 247 Liophis miliaris orinus — DIXON 1983: 800 Liophis miliaris orinus — GUTSCHE et al. 2007
Distribution	Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, Piauí, Sergipe), Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, E Venezuela (Amazonas [HR 34:265], Bolívar), Argentina (Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Santa Fe, Entre Rios, Corrientes, Formosa, Misiones) amazonicus: from Santarem southwest to Rio Itenez in Bolivia and to Mato Grosso in Brazil; terra typica: Santarem, Brazil. chrysostomus: Brazil (Pará: HR 33: 68), Colombia miliaris: French Guiana, Guiana, Suriname, E Venezuela, Brazil (Pará: HR 33: 228). orinus: Argentina (Misiones), Paraguay purpurans (invalid): Guiana, Suriname, French Guiana, S Colombia, Ecuador, Peru; Type locality: Mana, French Guiana Type locality: “Indiis”; restricted to Santos, Sao Paulo (Brazil) fide GANS 1964
Reproduction	oviparous
Types	Holotype: MCZ 2820; also given as BMNH 1946.1.5.75 Holotype: ANSP 6665, collected by J Orton (USNM), 1867–1868 [chrysostomus] Holotype: CM R 264, collected by LeBoutelier [orinus] Holotype: MCZ R-2820 [amazonicus]
Diagnosis
Comment	Synonymy and subspecies: L. purpurans has been synonymized with L. miliaris by DIXON 1983. Synonymy partly that of PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 179. L. purpurans is not listed by GASC & RODRIGUES 1980. Liophis miliaris intermedius HENLE & EHRL 1991 has been synonymized with Liophis reginae. Liophis miliaris mossoroensis (HOGE & LIMA-VERDE 1973) is now considered as a valid species. A specimen of L. miliaris from the Amazonas State (Fuentes 2003) was identified as Liophis cf. zweifeli by RIVAS et al. 2012. Liophis miliaris semiaureus was elevated to full (evolutionary) species by GIRAUDO et al. 2006. Venomous!
References	ABREU, LEONARDO MARQUES; IGOR MADUREIRA DE ASSIS, LEILDO MACHADO CARILO FILHO & DANIELA PAREJA-MEJÍA. 2022. Predation of Leptodactylus latrans (Anura: Leptodactylidae) by the water snake Erythrolamprus miliaris (Squamata: Dipsadidae) in Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil. Herpetology Notes 15: 283–285. - get paper here Aguiar da Silva, F.; Lopes de Assis, C. & Marques Quintela, F. 2010. Albinism in a Liophis miliaris (Linnaeus, 1758) (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) from Minas Gerais State, southern Brazil. Herpetology Notes 3: 171-172 Almeida-Gomes, Mauricio; DAVOR VRCIBRADIC, CARLA C. SIQUEIRA, MARA C. KIEFER, THAÍS KLAION, PATRÍCIA ALMEIDA-SANTOS, DENISE NASCIMENTO, CRISTINA V. ARIANI, VITOR N.T. BORGES-JUNIOR, RICARDO F. FREITAS-FILHO, MONIQUE VAN SLUYS and CARLOS F.D. ROCHA 2008. Herpetofauna of an Atlantic rainforest area (Morro São João) in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 80(2): 291-300 - get paper here ARAUJO, C.O. & ALMEIDA-SANTOS, S.M. 2011. 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External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information http://linnaeus.nrm.se/zool/herp/madserp.html.en http://members.xoom.it/_XOOM/liguana/My_HomePage_file/lizard.htm http://www.ultra.pucrs.br/pro-mata/chavserp.htm http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LXyRQj-LO1Q/Tq0mTRFRysI/AAAAAAAATM8/gQI-oaYPmIE… http://www.naturkundemuseum-bw.de/cgi-bin/stuttgart/projekte/herpetologie… https://bioweb.bio/faunaweb/reptiliaweb/FichaEspecie/Erythrolamprus… http://www.seh-herpetology.org/images/atlas/pdf/squamata/hydmel.pdf https://www.facebook.com/groups/stshc/posts/566881865536416/ Google images

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