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Gloydius caucasicus (NIKOLSKY, 1916)

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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Caucasian pitviper
G: Kaukasus-Otter 
SynonymAncistrodon halys caucasicus NIKOLSKY 1916
Ancistrodon halys persicus RENDAHL 1933: 12
Ancistrodon halys caucasicus — RENDAHL 1933: 11
Agkistrodon halys caucasicus — HARDING & WELCH 1980
Agkistrodon intermedius caucasicus — GLOYD & CONANT 1982
Gloydius halys caucasicus — GUMPRECHT et al. 2004
Gloydius halys caucasicus — DAVID & VOGEL 2015
Gloydius halys caucasicus — WAGNER et al. 2016
Gloydius caucasicus — ASADI et al. 2019 
DistributionS Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, N Iran, NW Afghanistan.

Type locality: Lenkoransky Uezd (now Lenkoran
District, south-eastern Azerbaijan).  
ReproductionViviparous. 
TypesNeotype: ZISP 19017.1, adult male, Azerbaijan, Lenkoran District, vicinity of the Kirovsk town. Leg.: V. E. Dmitrijev, May 15, 1978; Lectotype (designated by VEDMEDERYA et al. 2009). MNKNU 14942 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (halys). Dorsal scales in 23 rows at midbody (very seldom 21 or 25); ventrals 141 – 187, sub- caudals 29 – 56; 7 – 9 supralabials. Total length up to 750 mm [ORLOV & BARABANOV 1999]. 
CommentVenomous!

Synonymy: Listed as a synonym of Gloydius halys by Wallach et al. 2014: 310.

Distribution: see maps in ORLOV & BARABANOV 1999, ASADI et al. 2019 (Fig. 4). 
EtymologyNamed after its occurrence in the Caucasus region. 
References
  • Asadi, Atefeh; Claudine Montgelard, Masoud Nazarizadeh, Akram Moghaddasi,<br />Faezeh Fatemizadeh, Evgeniy Simonov, Haji Gholi Kami & Mohammad Kaboli 2019. Evolutionary history and postglacial colonization of an Asian pit viper (Gloydius halys caucasicus) into transcaucasia revealed by phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses. Scientific Reports 9:1224 - get paper here
  • David, P. & Vogel, G. 2015. An updated list of Asian pitvipers and a selection of recent publications, in: Visser: Asian Pitvipers. Breeding Experience & Wildlife. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 571pp. ISBN 978-3-89973-450-8 - get paper here
  • Gloyd, H. and Conant, R. 1982. Japanese J. Herpetol. 9: 75-78 - get paper here
  • Gumprecht, A.; Tillack, F.; Orlov, N.L.; Captain, A. & Ryabow, S. 2004. Asian pitvipers. Geitje Books, Berlin, 368 pp.
  • Harding, K.A., & Welch, K.R.G. 1980. Venomous snakes of the world; a checklist. Pergamon Press, Oxford 188 pp.
  • Kamali, Kamran 2020. A Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Iran. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (www.chimaira.de). 574 pp.
  • Kidov A. A., Bunyatova S. N., Iskanderov T. M. 2020. Distribution and Conservation of the Nikolsky’s Pitviper, Gloydius caucasicus (Reptilia, Viperidae) in Azerbaijan. Current Studies in Herpetology 20 (3–4): 107 - get paper here
  • Nikolsky, A. M. 1916. Faune de la Russie, Reptiles Vol. 2, Ophidia. Petrograd, 396 pp. [English translation by A. Mercado, Israel and Smithsonian Institution, 247 pp.]
  • Rendahl, Hialmar 1933. Die Unterarten des Ancistrodon halys Pall. nebst elnigen Bemerkungen zur Herpetologie Zentralasiens. Arkiv för Zoologi 25 (8): 1-31
  • Tuniyev, B.S.; N.L. Orlov, N.B. Ananjeva and A.L. Aghasyan 2019. Snakes of the Caucasus: taxonomic diversity, distribution, conservation. St. Petersburg, Moscow. KMK Scientific Press. 2019. 276 pp. - get paper here
 
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