Hierophis gemonensis (LAURENTI, 1768)

Find more photos by Google images search:

Higher Taxa	Colubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Balkan Racer, Balkan Whip Snake G: Balkan-Zornnatter Croatian: šara poljarica
Synonym	Natrix gemonensis LAURENTI 1768: 76 Coluber laurenti BEDRIAGA 1882 Zamenis gemonensis — BOULENGER 1893: 395 Zamenis gemonensis — WALL 1908: 800 Zamenis gemonensis — BOULENGER 1913 Coluber gemonensis — KAHL et al. 1980: 233 Coluber gemonensis —SCHÄTTI & WILSON 1986 Hierophis gemonensis — SCHÄTTI 1988 Coluber gemonensis — HENLE 1993 Hierophis laurenti — ENGELMANN et al. 1993 Coluber gemonensis — SEHNAL & SCHUSTER 1999 Haemorrhois gemonensis — WELCH Hierophis gemonensis — NAGY et al. 2004 Hierophis gemonensis — NAGY 2010 (pers. comm.) Hierophis gemonensis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 326
Distribution	coastal Croatia (including some Adriatic islands, Krk, etc), Slovenia, Hercegovina, Montenegro, Serbia, Albania, Greece (Crete, Corfu = Corfou) Type locality: see comment
Reproduction	oviparous
Types	Neotype, MHNG 1357.70, a 916 mm male, designated by Schätti et al., 1991: 51 and ICZN Opinion 1686.
Diagnosis
Comment	Not listed by ENGELMANN et al. (1993), who list only Coluber laurenti (which is not explicitely mentioned in the Zoological Record of 1882). Subspecies: 2 subspecies fide SCHÄTTI & WILSON 1986. Maybe confused with Natrix natrix. Distribution: CORKILL & COCHRANE 1966 list this species from the Arabian peninsula, probably in error. For a map see Sindaco et al. 2013. Reported from NE Italy, but only in a very limited area near Trieste / Friuli district [E. RAZZETTI, pers. comm.]). However, not listed in Sindaco & Razzetti 2021. Type locality: Gemona, Italy (where the species is absent) Nomenclature: The name gemonensis is a nomen conservandum. Schätti & Lanza (1987) demonstrate that Natrix gemonensis is an older synonym of Coluber viridiflavus, because the type locality is only inhabited by this latter species. The correct name should have been Coluber laurenti (Bedriaga, 1882).
References	Bauer, Luc 2005. Eb week op de Peloponnesus. Lacerta 63 (3): 92-107 - get paper here Boulenger, G. A. 1913. The snakes of Europe. Methusen & Co. Ltd, London, 151 pp. Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. London (Taylor & Francis), 448 pp. - get paper here Broggi, Mario F. 1994. Feldherpetologische Beobachtungen und Bemerkungen zu schützenswerten Biotopen auf griechischen Inseln (Amphibia; Reptilia; Griechenland). Herpetozoa 7 (1/2): 29-34 - get paper here Colli, Cesare 2007. A case of cannibalism in captivity on balkan whip snake Hierophis gemonensis. Litteratura Serpentium 27 (3): 102-104 - get paper here Corkill, N. L. and Cochrane, J. A. 1966. The snakes of the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra. J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 62 (3): 475-506 (1965) - get paper here DI NICOLA, MATTEO RICCARDO 2019. A revised dichotomous key to the snakes of Italy (Reptilia, Squamata, Serpentes), according to recent systematic updates. Zootaxa 4686 (2): 294–296 - get paper here Dieckmann, Martin & Karin Dieckmann 2010. Die mythischen Inseln: Cres und Lošinj. Draco 11 (42): 40-53 Enzeroth, A. 1982. Herptologische Beobachtungen auf der Insel Krk. Sauria 4 (1): 5-8 - get paper here Geniez, Philippe 2018. Snakes of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. Princeton University Press, 384 pp. - get paper here Gruber, U. 2009. Die Schlangen Europas, 2. Aufl. Kosmos Naturführer, 266 pp. GVOZDENOVIĆ, S., & IKOVIĆ, V. 2022. CHECKLIST OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF MONTENEGRO AND THEIR CONSERVATION STATUS. Natura Montenegrina, Podgorica, 2022, 14 (2): 93-105 - get paper here Henle,K. 1993. Coluber gemonensis - Balkanzornnatter. In: Böhme,W. (ed.), Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas, Band 3/I., Schlangen (Serpentes) I. Aula-Verlag Wiesbaden, pp. 97-110 ICZN 1992. OPINION 1686: Natrix gemonensis LAURENTI, 1768 (currently Coluber gemonensis), Coluber viridiflavus LACÉPÈDE, 1789 and Coluber helveticus LACÉPÈDE, 1789 (currently Natrix natrix helvetica) (Reptilia, Serpentes): specific names conserved. Bull. Zool. Nomenclature 49:174-175. - get paper here Jooris, Robert 1996. Coluber gemonensis (Laurenti, 1768) the only correct scientific name of the Balkan whipsnake. Litteratura Serpentium 16 (2): 30-31 Kahl B, Gaupp P & Schmidt G 1980. Das Terrarium. Falken Verlag, Niederhausen (Germany), 336 pp. Kolodziej, Kai & Philip Prokosch 2018. Nord-Kroatien – eine herpetologische Fotosafari. Terraria-Elaphe 2018 (4): 40-49 - get paper here Kwet, A. 2010. Reptilien und Amphibien Europas. Kosmos-Verlag, Stuttgart, 252 pp. Kwet, Axel & Benny Trapp 2014. Liste der Reptilien Europas. Draco 15 (60): 72-79 - get paper here Kyriazi, P., Kornilios, P., Nagy, Z. T., Poulakakis, N., Kumlutaş, Y., Ilgaz, Ç., Avcı, A., Göçmen, B., Lymberakis, P. 2013. Comparative phylogeography reveals distinct colonization patterns of Cretan snakes. Journal of Biogeography, 40: 1143–1155. doi: 10.1111/jbi.12057 - get paper here Laurenti, J. N. 1768. Specimen medicum, exhibens synopsin reptilium emendatam cum experimentis circa venena et antidota reptilium austracorum, quod authoritate et consensu. Vienna, Joan. Thomae, 217 pp. - get paper here Machts, Tobias 2010. Die Amphibien und Reptilien der Peloponnes-Halbinsel. Draco 11 (42): 65-72 Mertens,R. 1968. Eine schwarze Zornnatter von den Cycladen: Coluber gemonensis gyarosensis n. subsp.. Senckenbergiana biologica 46 (1): 5-9 Meyer, A. 1985. Die Reptilienfauna des südlichen Peleponnes. Sauria 7 (1): 13-16 - get paper here Mezzasalma M; Di Febbraro M; Guarino F; Odierna G; Russo D 2018. Cold-blooded in the Ice Age: “refugia within refugia”, inter-and intraspecific biogeographic diversification of European whipsnakes (Squamata, Colubridae, Hierophis). Zoology 127: 84-94 - get paper here Mezzasalma, Marcello; Andrea Dall'Asta, Anna Loy, Marc Cheylan, Petros Lymberakis, Marco A. L. Zuffi, Ljiljana Tomović, Gaetano Odierna and Fabio M. Guarino 2015. A sisters’ story: comparative phylogeography and taxonomy of Hierophis viridiflavus and H. gemonensis (Serpentes, Colubridae). Zoologica Scripta 44: 495–508; DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12115 - get paper here Nagy, Z.T.; R. Lawson, U. Joger, M. Wink 2004. Molecular systematics of racers, whipsnakes and relatives (Reptilia: Colubridae) using mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 42 (3): 223-233 - get paper here Pafilis, P., Triantis, K. A., Anastasiou, I., Proios, K. and Valakos, E. D. 2020. A gecko archipelago: a herpetological survey on Lichadonissia, a small islet group in Greece. Herpetology Notes 13: 25-28. - get paper here Pawlowski, S. & Krämer, C. 2009. Bemerkungen zur Herpetologie des nordwestlichen Kroatiens. Sauria 31 (4): 19-30 - get paper here Plessas, A. 2002. Herp hound experience in Greece. Reptilia (GB) (21): 8-10 - get paper here Rakovac, Rozelindra Coz; Duje Lisicic, Tomislav Smuc, Natalija Topic Popovic, Ivancica Strunjak-Perovic, Margita Jadan, Zoran Tadic, and Jurica Jug Dujakovic 2011. Classification Modeling of Physiological Stages in Captive Balkan Whip Snakes Using Blood Biochemistry Parameters. Journal of Herpetology 45 (4): 525-529. - get paper here Sämann, Jürgen; Martin Dieckmann & Karin Dieckmann 2023. Krk – Island of the giants. Sauria 45 (3): 1-12 Schätti B; Wilson L D 1986. Coluber Linnaeus. Holarctic racers. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles ( 399: 1-4 - get paper here Schätti, B. 1988. Systematik und Evolution der Schlangengattung Hierophis Fitzinger, 1843. PhD Diss. Univ. Zürich 1988 Schatti, B.; Stimson, A.F.; Henle, K. 1991. Natrix gemonensis Laurenti, 1768 (currently Coluber gemonesis), Coluber viridiflavus Lacepede, 1789 and Coluber helveticus Lacepede, 1789 (currently Natrix natrix helvetica). Bull. Zool. Nomenclature 48 (1): 50 - get paper here Schlüter, U. 2009. Die Schlangenfauna Europas. Draco 10 (39): 4-21 - get paper here Schmid, A. 2019. Ein Hörnchen zum Frühstück: Reptiliensuche auf Lefkada. Reptilia (Münster) 24 (136): 72-79 Schmidt B, Kranželić D, Majetić Đ, Lauš B, Štih A, Koren T 2020. Distribution and conservation status of the herpetofauna of Dugi Otok Island, Croatia. Herpetozoa 33: 191-205 - get paper here Schweiger, M. 2012. Die Schlangenfauna der kroatischen Insel Krk. Ophidia 6 (2): 2-18 - get paper here Sehnal, P. & Schuster, A. 1999. Herpetologische Beobachtungen auf der Kvarnerinsel Cres, Kroatien. Ergebnisse von fünf Exkursionen. Herpetozoa 12 (3-4): 163-178 - get paper here Sindaco, R.; Alberto Venchi & Cristina Grieco 2013. The Reptiles of the Western Palearctic, Volume 2: Annotated Checklist and Distributional Atlas of the Snakes of Europe, North Africa, Middle East and Central Asia, with an Update to Volume 1. Edizioni Belvedere, Latina (Italy), 543 pp. - get paper here SINDACO, ROBERTO & EDOARDO RAZZETTI. 2021. An updated check-list of Italian amphibians and reptiles. Natural History Sciences 8(2): 35–46. - get paper here Sowig,P. 1985. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Verbreitung und Ökologie der Amphibien und Reptilien Kretas. Salamandra 21 (4): 252-262 - get paper here Steward, J. W. 1971. The Snakes of Europe. David and Charles, 238 pp. Tóth, Tamás, László Krecsák, Thomas Madsen and Beáta Újvári 2002. Herpetofaunal locality records on the Greek Islands of Corfu (Amphibia, Reptilia). Herpetozoa 15 (3/4):149-169 - get paper here Toth, Tamas; Miklós Heltai, Andrea Keszi, Goran Susic, Levente Moharos, Balazs Farkas, Csaba Geczy, Orsolya Torda, Janos Gal 2017. Herpetofauna inventory of the small islands of the Cres-Losinj Archipelago (North Adriatic Sea, Croatia) (Amphibia; Reptilia). Herpetozoa 30 (1/2): 21 - 28 - get paper here TÓTH, Tamás; Daniella BOKSAI, Csaba GÉCZY, Ármin MIHÁLYI, Rita TAKÁCS, Goran SUŠIĆ, Júlia VINCZEK, János GÁL, Miklós MAROSÁN, Balázs FARKAS, Alexandra BOKIS and Miklós HELTAI 2017. Road-killed snakes on the island of Cres (Croatia). BIHAREAN BIOLOGIST 11 (2): 88-93 - get paper here Trapp, B. 2007. Reptilien und Amphibien des griechischen Festlandes. Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 300 pp. - get paper here Trapp, Benny 2016. Die Herpetofauna der griechischen Inseln. Terraria-Elaphe 2016 (4): 14-25 - get paper here Trapp, Benny 2017. Andere Zeiten, andere Sitten: europäische Schlangen im Terrarium. Terraria-Elaphe 2017 (6): 14-23 - get paper here Trutnau, L. 1975. Europäische Amphibien und Reptilien. Belser Verlag, Stuttgart 212 pp. Veith, G. 1909. Beobachtungen über die Wirkungen des Schlangengiftes auf ungifrige Schlangen. Annalen des K.K. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums Wien 23: 339-341 - get paper here Veith, G. 1991. Die Reptilien Bosniens und der Herzegowina. Teil 2. Herpetozoa 4 (1-2): 1-96 - get paper here Venchi, Alberto and Roberto Sindaco 2006. Annotated checklist of the reptiles of the Mediterranean countries, with keys to species identification. Part 2 -Snakes (Reptilia, Serpentes). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale "G. Doria", Genova, XCVIII: 259-364 Wall,F. 1908. Notes on a collection of snakes from Persia. J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 18: 795-805 - get paper here Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp. Werner,F. 1938. Die Amphibien und Reptilien Griechenlands. Zoologica 35 (1): 1-117 Wilson, Matt J., Bo Stille and Marie Stille. 2014. Herpetofauna of Paxos, Ionian Islands, Greece, including two species new to the island. Herpetozoa 27 (1/2): 108-112 - get paper here Wirth, M. 2011. Der Scheltopusik in Kroatien. Reptilia (Münster) 16 (88): 39 - get paper here Wirth, Michael 2010. Der Mittelmeerraum – Landschaften und Herpetofauna in Südeuropa. Draco 11 (42): 4-23 Wütschert, R. 1984. Neues uber die Reptilienfauna der Insel Korfu. Salamandra 20 (4): 221-228 - get paper here Zauner, Jochen 2023. Herpetologische Beobachtungen auf dem Peloponnes (Griechenland). Sauria 45 (4): 1-17
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information http://www.hylawerkgroep.be/jeroen/index.php?id=28 http://www.amonline.net.au/herpetology/research/pdf/gekkonidae.pdf http://www.reptil.net/replex/coluberb.htm http://www.herpetofauna.at/gallery/korfu/pages/coluber_gemonensis.htm http://www.herpetofauna.at/gallery/krk/html/33.htm http://www.herpetofauna.at/gallery/krk/html/35.htm http://www.herpetofauna.at/gallery/cres/pages/059.htm http://www.seh-herpetology.org/images/atlas/pdf/ophidia/hiegem.pdf http://www.seh-herpetology.org/sites/seh-herpetology.org/files/uploads… http://www.vpi.com/HomeSnakes/LesserSundasPython.htm http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/169800/0 http://www.alsirhan.com/Animals/malpolon_moilensis.htm http://www.ctv.es/USERS/duna/bastarda.htm http://www.herpetofauna.at/gallery/cres/pages/055.htm Google images

Is it interesting? Share with others:

As link to this species use URL address:

https://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Hierophis&species=gemonensis

without field 'search_param'. Field 'search_param' is used for browsing search result.

Please submit feedback about this entry to the curator