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Hydrops triangularis (WAGLER, 1824)

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
 
Common NamesE: Triangle Watersnake, Triangle Water Snake
Portuguese: Cobra-D’água, Jararaca-D’água 
SynonymElaps triangularis WAGLER 1824: 5
Hydrops triangularis — WAGLER 1830: 170
Hydrops triangularis — BEEBE 1946: 28
Hydrops triangularis bassleri ROZE 1957
Hydrops triangularis venezuelensis ROZE 1957
Hydrops triangularis bolivianus ROZE 1957
Hydrops triangularis fasciatus ROZE 1957
Hydrops triangularis neglectus ROZE 1957
Hydrops triangularis venezuelensis ROZE 1957
Hydrops triangularis — LANCINI & KORNACKER 1989
Hydrops triangularis — KORNACKER 1999: 90
Hydrops triangularis venezuelensis — GORZULA & SEÑARIS 1999
Hydrops triangularis neglectus — BOOS 2001
Hydrops triangularis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 342
Hydrops triangularis — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019 
DistributionAmazonas river regions of N Bolivia, Venezuela (Cojedes: [HR 31: 186]), Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, Trinidad, E Peru, Ecuador, Brazil (Maranhão [HR 27: 212], Mato Grosso [HR 32: 60], Piauí), Colombia, Argentina (Corrientes)

bassleri: Peru

bolivianus: Bolivia; Type locality: Bolivia, Puerto Sucre, Río Mamore.

fasciatus: French Guyana, Suriname

neglectus: Trinidad, W Guiana, Brazil (Pará [HR 33: 324])

venezuelensis: Venezuela, Colombia.

Type locality: Ega (= Tefé) Lago Tefé, at confluence with Rio Amazon, Brazil.  
Reproductionoviparous (Braz et al. 2016) 
TypesHolotype: ZSM 1846/0, male
Holotype: UMMZ 56896 [bolivianus] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Head not conspicuously distinct from the body. Internasal one. Loreal absent. Dorsal scales smooth, in 15-15-15 rows, lacking apical pits. Anal plate divided. Subcaudals paired. Pupil round. Ventrals 144-185 in males ( = 164 ± 7.5, n = 81), 152-183 in females ( = 163.6 ± 6.8, n = 88). Total ventrals (venbtrals plus subcaudals) 196-245 in males ( = 221.4 ± 10.7, n = 81), 188-240 in females ( = 212.7 ± 10.8, n = 88). Subcaudals 32-71 in males ( = 57.4 ± 7.2, n = 81), 31-78 in females ( = 49 ± 7.3, n = 88). Supralabials 8/8 (n = 168), 9/8 (n = 2), 8/9 (n = 1) or 8/7 (n = 1), with 4-4 (n = 176), 4-5/4-5 (n = 2) or 4/4-5 (n = 2) entering the orbit. Infralabials 8/8 (n = 161), 9/9 (n = 6), 7/7 (n = 3), 8/9 (n=1), or 8/7 (n = 1), with 4/4(n = 161), 4/3 (n = 2), 3/3 (n = 2), or 4/5 (n = 1) contacting the first genials. Preoculars 1/1 (n = 172). Postoculars 2/2 (n = 171) or 1/1 (n = 1). Anterior temporals 1/1 (n = 171) or 2/2 (n = 1). Posterior temporals 1/1 (n = 168), 2/2(n=2),1/2(n=1)or2/1(n=1).Bodybands36-70inmales( =48±7.3,n=81),36-75infemales( = 48±7.3,n=88).Tailbands10-24inmales( =14.9±3.0,n=81),8-19infemales( =12.2±2.5,n=88). Data from hemipenial and skull morphology can be found in Zaher (1999) and Albuquerque (2002). The largest male and female we recorded were 752 mm and 806 mm total length, respectively. The smallest specimen measured, a female, had a total length of 188mm. The smallest male with rounded deferent ducts was 345mm in snout-vent length and 90mm tail length (MPEG 13826). The smallest female with well-developed eggs was 391mm in snout-vent length (MPEG 9483). We found significant sexual dimorphism in number of subcaudal scales and tail bands in all analyzed groups. Therefore, males and females were analyzed separately for these characters. The number of ventral scales varied significantly among the following groups: the group from north Brazil was significantly different from samples from Peru (H= 60.2878; P < 0.0001) and Guyana (H= 49.5422; P < 0.0001); the group from Peru was significantly different from samples of Venezuela (H= 69.4481; P < 0.0001) and Bolivia (H= 87.2750; P < 0.0001); the sample from Guyana was significantly different from sample of Bolivia (H= 76.5294; P < 0.0001). The group from north Brazil was significantly different from samples of Peru (H= 54.1590; P < 0.0001) and Guyana (H= 48.1972; P < 0.0001) in number of body-bands. The ANOVA revealed significant differences in subcaudals among geographic samples of females (F= 5.3977, P = 0.0004) but not for males (F= 1.3746; P = 0.2428) of the combined groups; females from Venezuela were significantly different from females of north Brazil, Guyana, Trinidad, and Peru. Tail-bands did not reveal differences for females (F= 2.2147, P = 0.0600) and males (F= 2.7031, P = 0.0267) of the combined groups. 
CommentDistribution: map for subspecies in Scrocchi et al. (2005). See map in Nogueira et al. 2019.

Subspecies: ALBUQUERQUE & DE LEMA (2008) rejected the six subspecies recognized in this species based on the analysis of a larger sample throughout the distribution. 
References
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