Hypsirhynchus callilaemus (GOSSE, 1851)
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Hypsirhynchus callilaemus
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| Higher Taxa | Colubridae (Dipsadinae), Alsophiini, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes) |
| Subspecies | |
| Common Names | E: Jamaican Red Racer, Jamaican Red Groundsnake |
| Synonym | Natrix callilaema GOSSE 1851: 384 Dromicus callilaemus — GÜNTHER 1863: 357 Leimadophis callilaemus — BARBOUR 1910: 300 Dromicus callilaemus — GRANT 1939 Dromicus callilaemus — GRANT 1940: 123 Dromicus callilaemus — BUDEN 1966 Arrhyton callilaemum — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1991: 583 Darlingtonia callilaema — CROTHER 1999 Schwartzophis callilaemum — ZAHER et al. 2009 Hypsirhynchus callilaemus — HEDGES et al. 2009 Schwartzophis callilaemum — GRAZZIOTIN et al. 2012 Schwartzophis callilaemum — WALLACH et al. 2014: 651 Hypsirhynchus callilaemus — KRYSKO et al. 2015 |
| Distribution | Jamaica Type locality: Bluefields, Westmoreland Parish, Jamaica. |
| Reproduction | oviparous |
| Types | Lectotype: BMNH 1946.1.5.90 (designated by Buden 1966) |
| Diagnosis | Diagnosis (Schwartzophis): Complete loss of capitular calyces; presence of an apical awn (secondarily lost in S. funereum due to reduction of the distal region of the lobes); reduction or loss of hemipenial lobes (ZAHER et al. 2009). |
| Comment | For illustrations see Buden, 1966. Type species: Natrix callilaema GOSSE 1851 is the type species of the genus Schwartzophis ZAHER et al. 2009. Synonymy: Schwartzophis was resurrected by GRAZZIOTIN et al. 2012 who noted that “Hedges et al. (2009) ignored the striking uniqueness in the hemipenial morphology of Schwartzophis, an omission that disserves morphological evidence (Fig. 3). Zaher (1999) noted hemipenial particularities in all three species of Schwartzophis (as the Arrhyton callilaemum Group); the almost unilobed hemipenis is unique among West Indian Xenodontinae (WIX). Among mainland components, it only occurs in Elapomorphini and Xenopholis. In contrast, all other xenodontines have bilobed hemipenes. Schwartzophis also differs from Hypsirhynchus and Antillophis in lacking calyces on the capitulum. The recognition of Schwartzophis allows the hemipenes to serve as a valuable diagnostic character.” |
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