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Leptodeira septentrionalis (KENNICOTT, 1859)

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesLeptodeira septentrionalis polysticta (GÜNTHER 1895)
Leptodeira septentrionalis septentrionalis (KENNICOTT 1859) 
Common NamesE: Northern Cat-eyed Snake
G: Gebänderte Katzenaugennatter
S: Escombrera Manchada
E: Small-spotted Cat-eyed Snake [polysticta]
S: Escombrera de Günther [polysticta] 
SynonymDipsas septentrionalis KENNICOTT in BAIRD 1859: 16
Sibon annulatum var. septentrionale — GARMAN 1884: 17
Sibon septentrionale — GARMAN 1887: 125
Leptodira polysticta — GÜNTHER 1895 (fide VILLA et al. 1988)
Leptodira dunckeri WERNER 1913: 28 (?, HALLERMANN, pers. comm.)
Leptodeira septentrionalis septentrionalis — DUELLMAN 1958: 68
Leptodeira septentrionalis septentrionalis — LINER et al. 1977
Leptodeira septentrionalis — VILLA et al. 1988
Leptodeira septentrionalis septentrionalis — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 217
Leptodeira septentrionalis — LINER 1994
Leptodeira septentrionalis septentrionalis — CROTHER 2000: 65
Leptodeira septentrionalis septentrionalis — TENNANT & BARTLETT 2000: 460
Leptodeira septentrionalis — SAVAGE 2002
Leptodeira septentrionalis — ERNST & ERNST 2003: 190
Leptodeira septentrionalis — WALLACH et al. 2014
Leptodeira septentrionalis — BARRIO-AMORÓS 2019
Leptodeira septentrionalis septentrionalis — COSTA et al. 2022

Leptodeira septentrionalis polysticta (GÜNTHER 1895)
Leptodira polysticta GÜNTHER 1895: 172
Leptodeira annulata polysticta — STUART 1935: 52
Leptodeira annulata polysticta — SMITH & TAYLOR 1945: 87
Leptodeira annulata polysticta — MERTENS 1952: 66
Leptodeira annulata polysticta — LIVEZEY & PECKHAM 1953
Leptodeira septentrionalis polysticta — DUELLMAN 1958: 72
Leptodeira septentrionalis polysticta — HARDY 1969: 178
Leptodeira polysticta — CAMPBELL 1998
Leptodeira polysticta — MULCAHY 2007
Leptodeira polysticta — WALLACH et al. 2014
Leptodeira septentrionalis polysticta — ILLESCAS-APARICIO et al. 2016
Leptodeira polysticta — BARRIO-AMORÓS 2019
Leptodeira septentrionalis polysticta — COSTA et al. 2022
Leptodeira polysticta — SUNYER & MARTÍNEZ-FONSECA 2023
Leptodeira polysticta — MARTÍNEZ-FONSECA et al. 2024
Leptodeira polysticta — LOC-BARRAGÁN et al. 2024 
DistributionUSA (S Texas), Mexico (Chiapas, Nuevo Leon, Quéretaro, Oaxaca, Puebla, Coahuila, Jalisco, Campeche, Yucatan, Quintana Roo, Veracruz, Guanajuato), Guatemala, Honduras, Belize, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica

Type locality: Matamoras, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Restricted to “Brownsville, Cameron County, Texas” (by SMITH & TAYLOR 1950) where one of the syntypes was collected.

polysticta: Mexico (Campeche, Colima, Nayarit, Veracruz, Oaxaca, Guerrero), Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras ?, Nicaragua, El Salvador. Type locality: “Belize, British Honduras”.  
Reproductionoviparous; L. polysticta and L. septentrionalis hybridize in Puebla, Mexico (SMITH & BRANDON 1968). 
TypesLectotype, USNM 131739 (formerly SIM 2288), a 607 mm female (S. Van Vliet, 1853–1859), designated by H.M. Smith & Taylor (1950: 361). Paralectotype: USNM 4267
Lectotype: BMNH 1946.1.8.45 [polysticta] 
Diagnosis 
CommentSubspecies: Leptodeira septentrionalis polysticta GÜNTHER 1895 has been elevated to species status but downgraded to subspecies again by Costa et al. 2022.. L. s. ornata is not valid (D. Mulcahy, pers. comm. 3 March 2013, polyphyletic in Daza et al. 2009, but considered valid by Costa et al. 2022), however, Barrios-Amoros 2019 revalidated both ornata and larcorum. Costa et al. 2022 argue that polysticta and septentrionalis are not sufficiently separarated to justify species status, so they treat polysticta as subspecies of septentrionalis.

Relative abundance in Honduras: infrequent

Types: The type of Leptodira dunckeri has been lost, hence it is impossible to determine its identity with certainty.

Distribution: not in Venezuela (Luis Esqueda, pers. comm., 21 April 2016, see also Natera-Mumaw et al. 2015). Not in Nayarit, where L. maculata, polysticta, punctata, and splendida occur, fide LOC-BARRAGÁN et al. 2024 (checklist Nayarit).

Distribution (polysticta): Not in Honduras fide McCranie 2015 (checklist Honduras), not in Yucatan state, nor Quintana Roo (Mexico), fide Gonzalez-Sanchez et al. 2017. Not in Nayarit fide WOOLRICH-PIÑA et al. 2016 (who report only L. septentrionalis). Not in Sinaloa (Lemos-Espinal & Smith 2020). Barrio-Amoros (2019) restricted L. polysticta to Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua.

Diet: frogs etc.

Habitat: partly arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018).

NCBI taxonID: 1431682 [polysticta] 
EtymologyThe specific name is derived from the Latin word septentrionalis, meaning "northern" in reference to the northernmost species in this genus.

L. s. polysticta was named after the Greek poly meaning many and stiktos meaning spots, in reference to it’s dorsal pattern. 
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