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Liotyphlops wilderi (GARMAN, 1883)

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Higher TaxaAnomalepididae, Typhlopoidea, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Wilder's Blind Snake
Portuguese: Cobra-Cega, Cobra-Fio 
SynonymTyphlops wilderi GARMAN 1883: 48
Helminthophis guentheri BOULENGER 1889: 361
Helminthophis guentheri — BOULENGER 1893: 6
Liotyphlops guentheri — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 182
Helminthophis wilderi — HAMMAR 1908
Helminthophis wilderi — AMARAL 1924: 26
Liotyphlops wilderi — VANZOLINI 1948: 380
Liotyphlops wilderi — DIXON & KOFRON 1984: 251
Liotyphlops wilderi — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 52
Liotyphlops wilderi — ROCHA et al. 2004
Liotyphlops guentheri — ROCHA et al. 2004
Liotyphlops wilderi — FREIRE et al. 2007
Liotyphlops wilderi — WALLACH et al. 2014: 398
Liotyphlops wilderi — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019 
DistributionBrazil (Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro)

Type locality: São Cyriaco, Minas Gerais, Brazil (actually a Gold Mining Company)  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesSyntypes: (3), MCZ 5126, a 169 mm female, MCZ 19585 (formerly CU), a 185–187 mm female, FMNH 73387 (formerly CU & MCZ 18138), a 170 mm specimen (J.G. Branner, 1878–1879). 
DiagnosisDescription: Dixon & Kofron 1984 “examined the holotype of H. guentheri, two syntypes of T. wilderi, and five additional specimens. The number of dorsals vary from 304 to 358 (X = 322.1), and the scales around the body 24-22-20 (1), 22-20-20 (7). The total length varies from 68 to 290 mm, and the diameter of the body varies from 1.4 to 4.1 mm. The total length divided by the diameter of the body varies from 41.2 to 50.0 (% = 44.7) times. The head scales (Fig. 3) are very similar to L. albirostris, as the same number appears in vertical head scale row one (compare Fig. 1 and 3). The only major difference in head scales between L. wilderi and L. albirostris is the type of contact between the frontal and the scale immediately below it in vertical scale row one. In L. wilderi this scale passes behind the frontal, and in L. albirostris it passes in front of the frontal. In addition, the midbody and posterior scale rows typically number 20-20 in L. wilderi and 22-22 in L. albirostris. (Dixon & Kofron 1984)

Comments: “The largest specimen we have examined also has the largest number of dorsals, and it was taken from the main highway between Rio de Janeiro and Brasilia. We have no ecological information for this species. HAMMAR (1908) re-examined the syntypes of which one has since been lost. HAMMAR did not note the presence of a fourth supralabial in his re-description, thus failing to recognize the similarity of wilderi and guentheri. AMARAL (1924, 1929), MACHADO (1945) and PETERS and OREJAS-MIRANDA (1970) repeated the same error.” (Dixon & Kofron 1984) 
CommentSynonymy mostly after DIXON & KOFRON 1984.

Distribution: Not in Paraguay (fide Cacciali et al. 2016). See map in Nogueira et al. 2019. 
EtymologyNamed after Dr. Burt Green Wilder (1841-1925), a comparative anatomist and naturalist. 
References
  • Amaral, A. do 1924. Helminthophis. Proc. New England zool. Club 9: 25-30
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1889. Descriptions of new Typhlopidæ in the British Museum. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 4: 360-363 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. London (Taylor & Francis), 448 pp. - get paper here
  • Costa, Henrique C. 2022. Clarifying the type locality of Liotyphlops wilderi (Garman, 1883)(Serpentes, Anomalepididae), with comments on other reptiles from São Cyriaco, Minas Gerais. Zoosystematics and Evolution 98 (1): 129-136
  • Dixon J R; Kofron C P 1984. The Central and South American anomalepid snakes of the genus Liotyphlops. Amphibia-Reptilia 4 (2-4): 241-264 [1983] - get paper here
  • Entiauspe-Neto, Omar M, Francisco L Franco, Claudia Koch, Arthur Tiutenko, Juliana M Wingert, and Márcio Borges-Martins. 2023. More than Meets No Eyes: Taxonomic Status of a Liotyphlops Peters, 1881 (Serpentes: Anomalepididae) Blindsnake from the Atlantic Rainforest. Zoologischer Anzeiger 303: 10–25 - get paper here
  • FREIRE, E.M.X.; U. CARAMASCHI & A.J.S. ARGOLO 2007. A new species of Liotyphlops (Serpentes: Anomalepididae) from the Atlantic Rain Forest of Northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 1393: 19-26 - get paper here
  • Garman, S. 1883. On certain reptiles from Brazil and Florida. Sci. Observer, Boston, 4 (5 - 6): 47-48
  • Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here
  • Hammar, G. 1908. Note on the type specimen of a blind snake, Helminthophis wilderi (Garman), from Brazil. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 1: 334 - get paper here
  • Marra-Santos, Fidélis Júnio and Roberto E. Reis 2018. Two New Blind Snake Species of the Genus Liotyphlops (Serpentes: Anomalepididae), from Central and South Brazil. Copeia 106 (3): 507-514 - get paper here
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
  • Nogueira, Cristiano C.; Antonio J.S. Argôlo, Vanesa Arzamendia, Josué A. Azevedo, Fausto E. Barbo, Renato S. Bérnils, Bruna E. Bolochio, Marcio Borges-Martins, Marcela Brasil-Godinho, Henrique Braz, Marcus A. Buononato, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, 2019. Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American J. Herp. 14 (Special Issue 1):1-274 - get paper here
  • Oliveira, Jane C.F.; Rodrigo Castellari Gonzalez; Paulo Passos; Davor Vrcibradic & Carlos Frederico Duarte Rocha 2020. Non-Avian Reptiles of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: status of knowledge and commented list. Pap. Avulsos Zool. 60: e20206024 - get paper here
  • Peters, James A.; Donoso-Barros, Roberto & Orejas-Miranda, Braulio 1970. Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata: Part I Snakes. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 297: 347 pp. - get paper here
  • ROCHA, CARLOS FREDERICO D.; HELENA G.BERGALLO, JOSÉ P. POMBAL JR., LENA GEISE, MONIQUE VAN SLUYS, RONALDO FERNANDES, ULISSES CARAMASCHI 2004. FAUNA DE ANFÍBIOS, RÉPTEIS E MAMÍFEROS DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO, SUDESTE DO BRASIL. Publ. Avul. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro (104): 3-23 - get paper here
  • Ukuwela, K.D.B., de Silva, A., Sivaruban, A. et al. 2022. Diversity, distribution, and natural history of the marine snakes of Sri Lanka. Marine Biodiversity 52, 24 (2022) - get paper here
  • Vanzolini, P. E. 1948. Notas sóbre os ofídios e lagartos da cachoeira de ema, no município de Pirassununga, estado de São Paulo. Rev. brasil. Biol., Rio de Janeiro, 8: 377-400
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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