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Manouria emys (SCHLEGEL & MÜLLER, 1844)

IUCN Red List - Manouria emys - Endangered, EN
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Higher TaxaTestudinidae, Testudinoidea, Testudines (turtles)
SubspeciesManouria emys emys (SCHLEGEL & MÜLLER 1844)
Manouria emys phayrei (BLYTH 1854) 
Common NamesE: Brown Tortoise
G: Braune hinterindische Landschildkröte 
SynonymTestudo emys SCHLEGEL & MÜLLER (in TEMMINCK) 1844
Testudo emydoides DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1851 (nom. subst.)
Manouria fusca GRAY 1854
Manouria fusca — GRAY 1855: 68
Teleopus luxatus LE CONTE 1854
Manouria fusca GRAY 1861: 215
Manouria emys — THEOBALD 1868: 10
Testudo emys — BOULENGER 1889
Testudo emys — BOULENGER 1893: 312
Testudo emys — DE ROOIJ 1915: 305
Testudo emys — MELL 1938
Geochelone emys — PRITCHARD 1967
Manouria emys — OBST 1985
Geochelone (Manouria) emys — ALDERTON 1988
Manouria emys — MANTHEY & GROSSMANN 1997: 457
Manouria emys — COX et al. 1998: 133
Manouria emys — TTWG 2014: 404
Manouria emys — TTWG 2021

Manouria emys phayrei (BLYTH 1854)
Testudo phayrei BLYTH 1853
Testudo (Scapia) falconeri GRAY 1869
Testudo nutapundi REIMANN 1979 (in NUTAPHAND 1979)
Geochelone nutapundi — NUTAPHAND 1979 (fide ERNST & BARBOUR 1989)
Manouria emys phayrei — BOUR 1998
Manouria emys phayrei — MURTHY 2010: 24
Manouria emys phayrei — TTWG 2021 
DistributionIndia (Assam, Nagaland), Bangladesh,
Myanmar (= Burma), Tailand and Malaysia,
Indonesia (Sumatra, Borneo)

emys: S Tahiland, Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo; Type locality: Sumatra

phayrei: N/W Thailand to NE India; Type locality: Arakan; Tenasserim Provinces’.  
Reproductionoviparous. 
TypesLectotype: RMNH 3808 (HOOGMOED & CRUMLY, 1984).
Syntypes: ZSI 813 and 15492; Lectotype: Muséum de Calcutta; not located fide BOUR 1998, 2002 [phayrei] 
Diagnosis 
CommentM. e. emys has separated pectoral scutes while M. e. phayrei has joined pectoral scutes.

Type species: Manouria fusca GRAY 1854 is the type species of the genus Manouria GRAY 1852: 1. 
EtymologyManouria emys phayrei has been named after Sir Arthur Purves Phayre (1812-1885), British army officer in India who became Commissioner of British Burma. 
References
  • Anderson,J. 1871. On Testudo Phayrei, Theob. & Dr. Gray. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) 8: 324-330 - get paper here
  • Bhupathy, S. 1994. The distribution of the Asian brown tortoise (Manouria emys) in India and the taxonomic status of subspecies. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 91 (1):147-148. - get paper here
  • Bhupathy, S., Ramesh Kumar, S., Paramanandham, J., Thirumalainathan, P. and Pranjit Kumar Sarma 2013. Conservation of reptiles in Nagaland, India. In: K. K. Singh et al. (editors), Bioresources and Traditional Knowledge of Northeast India, Mizo Post-Graduate Science Society, pp. 181-186
  • Blyth,E. 1854. Notices and descriptions of various reptiles, new or little-known. Part I. J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 22 [1853]: 639-655 - get paper here
  • Bonin, F., Devaux, B. & Dupré, A. 2006. Turtles of the World. English translation by P.C.H. Pritchard. Johns Hopkins University Press, 416 pp.
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  • Bour, R. 1998. Histoire du genre Manouria Gray, 1854, et des espèces actuelles incluses. Manouria 1 (1): 1-9 [2002?]
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  • Eggenschwiler, U. 2003. Manouria emys phayrei - Success at keeping and breeding the little-known Burmese Brwon Tortoise. Reptilia (GB) (29): 43-50 - get paper here
  • Eggenschwiler, U. 2005. Die Braune Landschildkröte Manouria emys phayrei (BLYTH 1853) - Haltung und Vermehrung einer recht wenig bekannten Schildkröte. Reptilia (Münster) 10 (53): 71-79 - get paper here
  • Ernst,C.H. and Barbour,R.W. 1989. Turtles of the World. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. - London
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  • Gray,J.E. 1855. Description of a new genus and some new species of tortoises. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (2) 15: 67-69 - get paper here
  • Gray,J.E. 1871. On Testudo phayrei and Scapia Falconeri. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) 7: 445-447 - get paper here
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  • HAISLIP, NATHAN A.; STEVEN G. PLATT & CLINTON S. DOAK. 2022. Herpetoculture Notes: MANOURIA EMYS PHAYREI (Burmese Mountain Tortoise). NESTING BEHAVIOR. Herpetological Review 53 (2): 249–250.
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  • Mo, Matthew 2020. Only in captivity? An interaction between two threatened chelonians, an Asian Giant Tortoise (Manouria emys) and a Malaysian Giant Turtle (Orlitia borneensis). IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians 27 (1): 89–90 - get paper here
  • Mohd Salleh, M.H.; Esa, Y.; Salleh, S.M.; Mohd Sah, S.A. 2022. Turtles in Malaysia: A Review of Conservation Status and a Call for Research. Animals 12, 2184 - get paper here
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