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Masticophis schotti BAIRD & GIRARD, 1853

IUCN Red List - Masticophis schotti - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesMasticophis schotti ruthveni ORTENBURGER 1923
Masticophis schotti schotti BAIRD & GIRARD 1853 
Common NamesE: Schott's Whipsnake
ruthveni: Ruthven's Whipsnake 
SynonymMasticophis schotti BAIRD & GIRARD 1853: 160
Masticophis taeniatus schotti — GLOYD & CONANT 1934
Masticophis taeniatus schotti — SMITH & TAYLOR 1945: 98
Masticophis taeniatus schotti — SHANNON & SMITH 1949
Masticophis taeniatus schotti — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 188
Masticophis schotti — CAMPER & DIXON 1994
Masticophis schotti — CROTHER 2000: 66
Coluber schotti — UTIGER et al. 2005 (by implication)
Masticophis schotti schotti — COLLINS & TAGGART 2009
Coluber schotti — CROTHER et al. 2012
Masticophis schotti — WALLACH et al. 2014: 419
Masticophis schotti — HEIMES 2016: 110
Masticophis schotti — O’CONNELL et al. 2017
Masticophis schotti — MYERS et al. 2017
Coluber schotti — ROTH-MONZÓN et al. 2018

Masticophis schotti ruthveni ORTENBURGER 1923
Masticophis ruthveni ORTENBURGER 1923
Masticophis taeniatus australis SMITH 1941: 390
Masticophis taeniatus ruthveni — SMITH 1941: 392
Masticophis taeniatus ruthveni — SMITH & TAYLOR 1945: 98
Masticophis taeniatus ruthveni — SHANNON & SMITH 1949
Masticophis taeniatus ruthveni — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 189
Masticophis taeniatus ruthveni — LINER 1994
Masticophis ruthveni — CAMPER & DIXON 1994
Masticophis schotti ruthveni — CROTHER 2000: 66
Masticophis ruthveni — TENNANT & BARTLETT 2000: 322
Masticophis ruthveni — TENNANT 2003: 328
Masticophis schotti ruthveni — COLLINS & TAGGART 2009
Coluber schotti ruthveni — CROTHER et al. 2012 
DistributionUSA (Texas), Mexico (Coahuila, Hidalgo, Veracruz, Guanajuato)

Type locality: Eagle Pass, Texas.

ruthveni: USA (S Texas); Mexico (San Luis Potosi, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, Quéretaro); Type locality: Brownsville, Texas.

schotti: USA (S Texas)  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: USNM
Holotype: UMMZ 57681 [ruthveni]
Holotype: USNM 10240, paratypes: USNM, from “Guanajuato” [australis] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: This species is the only species of Masticophis with 15 dorsal scale rows having both dorsal speckling and red pigment at the angle of the jaw and lacking pale bordering on the head scales. (Camper 1996) 
CommentSynonymy: mostly after CAMPER 1996. The description of australis was apparently based on juveniles, without Smith having seen any adults.

C. schotti ruthveni intergrades with C. taeniatus australis (fide SMITH & TAYLOR 1945). 
EtymologyNamed after Arthur Schott. 
References
  • Baird, S. F. and C. Girard. 1853. Catalogue of North American Reptiles in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Part 1.-Serpents. Smithsonian Inst., Washington, xvi + 172 pp. - get paper here
  • Bohannon, A M A; Rockett, H D & Forstner, M R J; 2019. Geographic Distribution: Masticophis schotti (Schott’s Whipsnake) USA: Texas: Guadalupe Co. Herpetological Review 50 (1): 107 - get paper here
  • Camper J D. 1996. Masticophis schotti. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (638): 1-4 - get paper here
  • Camper J D. Dixon J R. 1994. Geographic variation and systematics of the striped whipsnakes (Masticophis taeniatus complex; Reptilia: Serpentes: Colubridae). Annals of the Carnegie Museum 63 (1): 1-48.
  • Carbajal-Márquez, Rubén Alonso 2019. NEW PREY ITEM IN THE DIET OF Masticophis schotti BAIRD & GIRARD, 1853 FROM SAN LUIS POTOSÍ, MEXICO. Rev. Latinoamer. Herp. 2 (2): 54-56 - get paper here
  • Collins, J.T. and T. W. Taggart 2009. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Sixth Edition. Center for North American Herpetology, 48 pp.
  • Conant,R. & Collins,J.T. 1991. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern/Central North America, 3rd ed. Houghton Mifflin (Boston/New York), xx + 450 p.
  • Crother, B. I. (ed.) 2012. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Seventh Edition. Herpetological Circular 39: 1-92
  • Cruz-Elizalde R, Ramírez-Bautista A, Pineda-López R, Mata-Silva V, DeSantis DL, García-Padilla E, Johnson JD, Rocha A, Fucsko LA, Wilson LD. 2022. The herpetofauna of Querétaro, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 16(1) [General Section]: 148–192 (e308) - get paper here
  • Dixon, James R. 2000. Amphibians and reptiles of Texas, second edition. Texas A&M University Press, 421 pp.
  • Dixon, James R. and Julio A. Lemos-Espinal 2010. Amphibians and reptiles of the state of Queretaro, Mexico. Tlalnepantla UNAM, 428 pp.
  • Fernández-Badillo, Leonardo, David R. Aguillón-Gutiérrez, Sharon Yedid Valdez-Rentería, Juan Alfonso Hernández-Melo, Cristian Raùl Olvera Olvera, Francisco Javier Callejas-Jiménez, Melisa Hernández-Ramos, José Carlos Iturbe-Morgado, Ferdinand Torres- 2016. First records for amphibians and reptiles from the municipality of Atotonilco el Grande, Hidalgo, México. Herpetological Review 47 (1): 91-93 - get paper here
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  • Fugler, Charles M.;Webb, Robert G. 1956. Distributional notes on some reptiles and amphibians from southern and central Coahuila. Herpetologica 12: 167-171 - get paper here
  • Gloyd, Howard K.;Conant, Roger 1934. The taxonomic status, range, and natural history of Schott's racer. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan (287): 1-17 + 3 plates - get paper here
  • Goldberg, S R & Bursey, C R; 2019. Masticophis schotti (Schott’s Whipsnake) Endoparasites. Herpetological Review 50 (3): 595-596 - get paper here
  • Goldberg, S R; 2019. Masticophis schotti (Schott’s Whipsnake) Reproduction. Herpetological Review 50 (3): 596 - get paper here
  • Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp
  • Hernandez, T O; Herr, M W; Trevino, A E; Lazcano, D; Black, M & Graham, S P 2018. Geographic Distribution: Masticophis schotti (Schott's Whipsnake). Herpetological Review 49 (3): 506 - get paper here
  • Lazcano D, Nevárez-de los Reyes M, García-Padilla E, Johnson JD, Mata-Silva V, DeSantis DL, Wilson LD. 2019. The herpetofauna of Coahuila, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13(2) [General Section]: 31–94 (e189) - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Woolrich-Piña GA 2018. Amphibians and reptiles of the state of San Luis Potosí, Mexico, with comparisons with adjoining states. ZooKeys 753: 83-106 - get paper here
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  • Leyte-Manrique A, Mata-Silva V, Báez-Montes O, Fucsko LA, DeSantis DL, García-Padilla E, Rocha A, Johnson JD, Porras LW, Wilson LD. 2022. The herpetofauna of Guanajuato, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 16(2) [General Section: 133–180 (e321) - get paper here
  • Myers, Edward A.; Jamie L. Burgoon, Julie M. Ray, Juan E. Martínez-Gómez, Noemí Matías- Ferrer, Daniel G. Mulcahy, and Frank T. Burbrink 2017. Coalescent Species Tree Inference of Coluber and Masticophis. Copeia 105 (4): 642-650 - get paper here
  • Nevárez-de-los-Reyes, Manuel, David Lazcano, Elí García-Padilla, Vicente Mata-Silva, Jerry D. Johnson and Larry David Wilson. 2016. The Herpetofauna of Nuevo León, Mexico: Composition, Distribution, and Conservation. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3 (3): 558–638 - get paper here
  • O'Connell, K. A., Streicher, J. W., Smith, E. N. and Fujita, M. K. 2017. Geographical features are the predominant driver of molecular diversification in widely distributed North American Whipsnakes. Mol Ecol. 26: 5729–5751 - get paper here
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  • Parker W S 1982. Masticophis taeniatus (Hallowell). Striped whipsnake. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles ( 304: 1-4 - get paper here
  • Powell, Randy L.; Soto, M. Andres; Leidner, Michael L.; Austin, Wendy R. 2007. Masticophis schotti schotti (Schott’s Whipsnake). Maximum Size Record. Herpetological Review 38 (2): 208-209 - get paper here
  • Roth-Monzón AJ, Mendoza-Hernández AA, Flores-Villela O. 2018. Amphibian and reptile biodiversity in the semi-arid region of the municipality of Nopala de Villagrán, Hidalgo, Mexico. PeerJ 6: e4202 - get paper here
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  • Torres-Hernández, LA, Ramírez-Bautista A, Cruz-Elizalde R, Hernández-Salinas U, Berriozabal-Islas C, DeSantis DL, Johnson JD, Rocha A, García-Padilla E, Mata-Silva V, Fucsko LA, and Wilson LD. 2021. The herpetofauna of Veracruz, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 15(2) [General Section]: 72–155 - get paper here
  • Utiger, U.; Schatti, B. & Helfenberger, N. 2005. The oriental colubrine genus Coelognathus FITZINGER, 1843 and classification of old and new world racers and ratsnakes (Reptilia, Squamata, Colubridae, Colubrinae). Russ. J. Herpetol. 12 (1): 39-60 - get paper here
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