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Micrurus multifasciatus JAN, 1858

IUCN Red List - Micrurus multifasciatus - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaElapidae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesMicrurus multifasciatus multifasciatus (JAN 1858)
Micrurus multifasciatus hertwigi (WERNER 1896) 
Common NamesE: Gargantilla, Many-banded Coral Snake
E: Panama gargantilla [multifasciatus]
E: Costa Rican gargantilla [hertwigi] 
SynonymMicrurus multifasciatus multifasciatus (JAN 1858)
Elaps multifasciatus JAN 1858: 521
Micrurus mipartitus multifasciatus — ROZE 1955: 467
Micrurus mipartitus multifasciatus — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 214
Micrurus multifasciatus multifasciatus — WELCH 1994: 87
Micrurus multifasciatus — JARAMILLO et al. 2010
Micrurus multifasciatus — SUNYER & MARTÍNEZ-FONSECA 2023

Micrurus multifasciatus hertwigi (WERNER 1896)
Elaps hertwigi WERNER 1896: 354
Micrurus mipartitus hertwigi — ROZE 1967: 37
Micrurus mipartitus hertwigi — VILLA 1972
Micrurus mipartitus hertwigi — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 214
Micrurus multifasciatus hertwigi — WELCH 1994: 87 
DistributionNicaragua, N/E Costa Rica, N/C Panama (pacific lowlands), Colombia (incl. Valle del Cauca)

multifasciatus: C Panama; Type locality: unknown.

hertwigi: Atlantic slopes of Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; Type locality: unknown (”Central America”)  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: lost, originally in Milan Museum; destroyed and lost during World War II, probably a female from Central America.
Holotype: ZSM 2268/0 (formerly ZSBS) 22680, a female from Central America [hertwigi] 
Diagnosis 
CommentSynonymy: partly after PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970. Some authors regard M. mipartitus and M. multifasciatus as the same species (e.g. SAVAGE 2002: 713 and WALLACH et al. 2014: 450). See also entry for multifasciatus.

Venomous! 
EtymologyLatin from multi meaning many and fascia meaning a band; multifasciatus is the one covered with many bands.
M. m. hertwigi was named after Wilhelm A. O. Hertwig, a notable German biologist at the Munich Museum at the turn of the century. 
References
  • Campbell, J.A. & Lamar, W.W. 1989. The Venomous Reptiles of Latin America. Comstock Publishing/Cornell University Press, Ithaca
  • Castro-Herrera, F. & Vargas-Salinas, F. 2008. Anfibios y reptiles en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Biota Colombiana 9 (2): 251 - 277 - get paper here
  • Fuentes, Rogemif; Aschcroft, Jesse; Erick Barría, Helio Quintero-Arrieta, Alexis Baules, Abel Batista, Eduardo Zambrano, Marcos Ponce 2023. Herpetological diversity in forests of Portobelo National Park, Colón Biological Corridor, Panama. Reptiles & Amphibians 30 (1): e18434 - get paper here
  • Hilje B, Chaves G, Klank J, Timmerman F, Feltham J, Gillingwater S, Piraino T, Rojas E 2020. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Tirimbina Biological Reserve: a baseline for conservation, research and environmental education in a lowland tropical wet forest in Costa Rica. Check List 16(6): 1633-1655 - get paper here
  • Jan, G. 1858. Plan d'une iconographie descriptive des ophidiens et description sommaire de nouvelles espèces des serpents. Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris (2) 10: 438-449, 514-527 - get paper here
  • Peters, James A.; Donoso-Barros, Roberto & Orejas-Miranda, Braulio 1970. Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata: Part I Snakes. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 297: 347 pp. - get paper here
  • Porras, L.W. & Solórzano, A. 2006. Costa Rica’s venomous snakes. Reptilia (GB) (48): 11-17 - get paper here
  • Porras, L.W. & Solórzano, A. 2006. Die Schlangen Costa Ricas. Reptilia (Münster) 11 (61): 20-27 - get paper here
  • Ray, Julie M. and Patty Ruback 2015. Updated checklists of snakes for the provinces of Panamá and Panamá Oeste, Republic of Panama. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (2): 168-188 - get paper here
  • Roze, J.A. 1955. Revision de las corales (Serpentes: Elapidae) de Venezuela. Acta Biol. Venezuel. 1: 454-498
  • Roze, Jánis A 1967. A checklist of the New World venomous Coral Snakes (Elapidae), with descriptions of new forms. American Museum Novitates (2287): 1-60 - get paper here
  • Silva Jr, Nelson Jorge da; Marcus Augusto Buononato & Darlan Tavares Feitosa 2016. AS COBRAS-CORAIS DO NOVO MUNDO. In: Silva (ed) Cobras corais do Brasil. Goiânia, pp. 41-69
  • Sunyer, Javier 2014. An updated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Nicaragua. Mesoamerican Herpetology 1 (2): 186–202. - get paper here
  • Sunyer, Javier & José́ Gabriel Martínez-Fonseca 2023. An updated country checklist to the amphibians and reptiles of Nicaragua. REVISTA NICARAGÜENSE DE BIODIVERSIDAD (100): 1-25 - get paper here
  • Valencia-Zuleta A, Jaramillo-Martínez AF, Echeverry-Bocanegra A, Viáfara-Vega R, Hernández-Córdoba O, Cardona-Botero VE, Gutiérrez-Zúñiga J, Castro-Herrera F. 2014. Conservation status of the herpetofauna, protected areas, and current problems in Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 8 (2): 1–18 (e87) - get paper here
  • Villa,J. 1972. Un coral (Micrurus) blanco y negro de Costa Rica. Brenesia 1: 10-13.
  • Werner, F. 1896. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Reptilien und Batrachier von Centralamerika und Chile, sowie einiger seltenerer Schlangenarten. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich— Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 46: 344—365 - get paper here
 
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