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Myriopholis cairi (DUMÉRIL & BIBRON, 1844)

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Higher TaxaLeptotyphlopidae, Leptotyphlopinae, Myriopholini, Typhlopoidea, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Cairo Blind Snake 
SynonymStenostoma cairi DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1844: 323
Glauconia fitzingeri JAN 1861: 189
Stenostoma Fitzingeri JAN 1861
Glauconia cairi — BOULENGER 1890
Glauconia cairi — BOULENGER 1893: 65
Glauconia fitzingeri — BOULENGER 1893: 66
Glauconia cairi — STEINDACHNER 1901
Leptotyphlops cairi — PARKER 1932: 362
Leptotyphlops macrorhynchus bilmaensis ANGEL 1936
Leptotyphlops cairi — GANS et al. 1965
Leptotyphlops cairi — HAHN & WALLACH 1998
Leptotyphlops macrorhynchus bilmaensis — HAHN 1980: 20
Leptotyphlops fitzingeri — HAHN 1980: 14
Leptotyphlops cairi — LARGEN & RASMUSSEN 1993
Leptotyphlops cairi — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 25
Leptotyphlops cairi — BROADLEY & WALLACH 2007: 24
Leptotyphlops cairi — GRUBER 2009
Myriopholis cairi — ADALSTEINSSON, BRANCH, TRAPE, VITT & HEDGES 2009
Myriopholis cairi — WALLACH et al. 2014: 463 
DistributionEgypt, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Sudan (Jumhūriyyat), Somalia, Niger, Mauritania

bilmaensis: Niger

Type locality: Le Caire, Egypte.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: MNHN-RA 3231 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Snout rounded in lateral view, but with a weak preoral concavity on the rostral; interparietal occasionally longitudinally divided; occipitals usually not fused. Middorsals 322–30; subcaudals 28–35; total length/diameter ratio 59–11; total length/tail length ratio 12.3–16.2. Skull with a large frontoparietal foramen. (Broadley & Wallach 2007) 
CommentDistribution: Not listed in SCHLEICH, KÄSTLE & KABISCH 1996. Not verified records from Libya fide Bauer et al. 2017. Not in East Africa (i.e. Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi fide S. Spawls, pers. comm., 28 June 2018). For a map see Sindaco et al. 2013.

Synonymy: partly after Trape 2002. Glauconia braccianii SCORTECCI 1929, a former synonym of L. cairi, has been elevated to full species status.

Habitat. This species inhabits moist cultivated areas, being replaced by Leptotyphlops macrorhynchus in adjacent sandy desert areas, and is found in close proximity to L. macrorhynchus in the lower Nile Valley near Cairo, Egypt (Baha el Din, 2006). 
EtymologyNamed after the city of Cairo. 
References
  • Abdeen, A.M., Abo-Taira, A.M. & Zaher, M.M. 1991. Further studies on the Ophidian cranial osteology: the skull of the Egyptian Blind Snake Leptotyphlops cairi (family Leptotyphlopidae). I. The cranium. B. The otic capsule, palate and temporal bones. Journal of the Egyptian-German Society of Zoology (Giza), 5(5), 439–455
  • Abdeen, A.M., Abo-Taira, A.M. & Zaher, M.M. 1991. Further studies on the Ophidian cranial osteology: the skull of the Egyptian Blind Snake Leptotyphlops cairi (family Leptotyphlopidae). I. The cranium. A. the median dorsal bones, bones of the upper jaw, circumorbital series and occipital ring. Journal of the Egyptian-German Society of Zoology (Giza), 5(5), 417–437
  • Abdeen, A.M., Abo-Taira, A.M. & Zaher, M.M. 1991. Further studies on the Ophidian cranial osteology: the skull of the Egyptian Blind Snake Leptotyphlops cairi (family Leptotyphlopidae). II. The lower jaw and the hyoid apparatus. Journal of the Egyptian-German Society of Zoology (Giza), 5(5), 457–467
  • Adalsteinsson, S.A.; Branch, W.R.; Trapé, S.; Vitt, L.J. & Hedges, S.B. 2009. Molecular phylogeny, classification, and biogeography of snakes of the Family Leptotyphlopidae (Reptilia, Squamata). Zootaxa 2244: 1-50 - get paper here
  • Angel, F. 1936. Sur quelques Formes nouvelles de Reptiles et de batraciens du Sahara Central. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, Paris, 61: 273-277
  • Bauer, Aaron M.; Jonathan C. DeBoer , Dylan J. Taylor 2017. Atlas of the Reptiles of Libya. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 64 (8): 155-318 - get paper here
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1890. Description of a new Snake of the Genus Glauconia Gray, obtained by Dr. Emin Pasha on the Victoria Nyanza. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 6: 91-93. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. London (Taylor & Francis), 448 pp. - get paper here
  • Broadley, D.G., Wade, E. & Wallach, V. 2014. A NEW SPECIES OF Myriopholis FROM GHAT OASIS, SOUTH-WESTERN LIBYA (SQUAMATA: LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE). Arnoldia Zimbabwe 10 (30): 351-359
  • Broadley, Donald G. & Wallach, V. 2007. A revision of the genus Leptotyphlops in northeastern Africa and southwestern Arabia (Serpentes: Leptotyphlopidae). Zootaxa 1408: 1–78 - get paper here
  • Duméril, A. M. C. and G. Bibron. 1844. Erpetologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complete des Reptiles. Vol.6. Libr. Encyclopédique Roret, Paris, 609 pp. - get paper here
  • Gans, C.; LAURENT, R.F. & PANDIT, H. 1965. Notes on a herpetological collection from the Somali Republic. Ann. Mus. Roy. Afr. Centr., Sér. 8vo, Tervuren, (80) Zool., (134): 1-93
  • Geniez, Philippe 2018. Snakes of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. Princeton University Press, 384 pp. - get paper here
  • Gruber, U. 2009. Die Schlangen Europas, 2. Aufl. Kosmos Naturführer, 266 pp.
  • Hahn D. E. & V. WALLACH, 1998. Comments on the systematics of Old World Leptotyphlops (Serpentes: Leptotyphlopidae), with description of a new species. Hamadryad 23: 50-62 - get paper here
  • Jan, G. 1861. Iconographie générale des ophidiens. 2. Livraison. J.B. Bailière et Fils, Paris - get paper here
  • Jan, G. 1862. Note sulla famiglia dei Tiflopidi, sui loro generi e sulle specie del genere Stenostoma. Arch. Zool. Anat. Fisiol. Genova 1 [1861]: 178-199 - get paper here
  • Lanza, B. 1990. Amphibians and reptiles of the Somali Democratic Republic: check list and biogeography. Biogeographia, 14: 407-465 [1988] - get paper here
  • Largen,M.J. & Rasmussen,J.B. 1993. Catalogue of the snakes of Ethiopia (Reptilia Serpentes), including identification keys. Tropical Zoology 6: 313-434 - get paper here
  • Loveridge, A. 1956. On snakes collected in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan by J.S. Owen, Esq. Sudan Notes Rec. 36: 37-56 [1955]
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
  • Padial, J. M. 2006. COMMENTED DISTRIBUTIONAL LIST OF THE REPTILES OF MAURITANIA (WEST AFRICA). Graellsia, 62(2): 159-178 - get paper here
  • Parker,H.W. 1932. Two collections af amphibians and reptiles from British Somaliland. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1932: 335-367
  • Parker,H.W. 1949. The snakes of Somaliland and the Sokotra islands. Zoologische Verhandelingen 6: 1-115 - get paper here
  • Pitman,C.R.S. 1974. A guide to the snakes of Uganda. Codicote, Wheldon & Wesley, L., 290 pp.
  • Scortecci, G. 1929. Rettili dell'Eritrea esistenti nelle Collezioni del Museo Civico de Milano. Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali, e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Milano 67 (3-4): 290-339 [1928] - get paper here
  • Sindaco, R.; Alberto Venchi & Cristina Grieco 2013. The Reptiles of the Western Palearctic, Volume 2: Annotated Checklist and Distributional Atlas of the Snakes of Europe, North Africa, Middle East and Central Asia, with an Update to Volume 1. Edizioni Belvedere, Latina (Italy), 543 pp. - get paper here
  • Sochurek,E. 1979. Die Schlangen Nordafrikas. Mitt. Zool. Ges. Braunau 3 (8/9): 219-226
  • Spawls, Stephen; Tomáš Mazuch& Abubakr Mohammad 2023. Handbook of Amphibians and Reptiles of North-east Africa. Bloomsbury, 640 pp. - get paper here
  • Trape J-F and Mané Y. 2015. The snakes of Niger. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 9(2) [Special Section]: 39–55 (e110) - get paper here
  • Trape, J.-F. 2002. Note sur le statut et la répartition de quelques Leptotyphlopidés (Serpentes: Scolecophidia) du Sahara et des savanes d’[Afrique de l’Ouest. Bull. Soc. Herp. France 102: 49-62 - get paper here
  • Trape, J.-F. & Mané, Y. 2006. Guide des serpents d’Afrique occidentale. Savane et désert. [Senegal, Gambia, Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger]. IRD Editions, Paris, 226 pp. - get paper here
  • Venchi, Alberto and Roberto Sindaco 2006. Annotated checklist of the reptiles of the Mediterranean countries, with keys to species identification. Part 2 -Snakes (Reptilia, Serpentes). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale "G. Doria", Genova, XCVIII: 259-364
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Werner,F. 1919. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der mit Unterstützung der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien aus der Erbschaft Treitl von F. Werner unternommenen zoologischen Expedition nach dem Anglo-Aegyptischen Sudan (Kordofan) 1914. IV. Bearbeitung de Denkschr. Akad. Wiss Wien, Math.-Naturw. Klasse 96: 437-509 - get paper here
 
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