Nerodia paucimaculata (TINKLE & CONANT, 1961)

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Higher Taxa	Colubridae (Natricinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Concho Water Snake
Synonym	Natrix harteri paucimaculata TINKLE & CONANT 1961 Nerodia harteri paucimaculata — TINKLE & CONANT 1961 Nerodia harteri paucimaculata — MECHAM 1983 Nerodia harteri paucimaculata — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 156 Nerodia paucimaculata — DENSMORE et al. 1992 Nerodia harteri paucimaculata — DIXON 2000 Nerodia paucimaculata — CROTHER 2000: 67 Nerodia harteri paucimaculata — TENNANT & BARTLETT 2000: 159 Nerodia harteri paucimaculata — TENNANT 2003: 164 Nerodia paucimaculata — ERNST & ERNST 2003: 238 Nerodia paucimaculata — CROTHER et al. 2012 Nerodia paucimaculata — WALLACH et al. 2014: 484
Distribution	USA (C Texas: Colorado River drainage from the Coke and Runnels counties line to near Bend, San Saba County on the Colorado River and in the Concho River from San Angelo [Tom Green County] to its confluence with the Colorado). Type locality: "The Colorado River south of the city limits of Robert Lee, Coke County, Texas."
Reproduction	ovovivparous
Types	Holotype: AMNH 85542, a 652 mm male (D.W. Tinkle and D. L. McGregor, 8 Oct. 1960).
Diagnosis
Comment	Densmore et al. (1992) elevated Nerodia harteri paucimaculata to species status after Rose & Selcer had suggested that already in 1989.
References	Conant,R. & Collins,J.T. 1991. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern/Central North America, 3rd ed. Houghton Mifflin (Boston/New York), xx + 450 p. Crother, B. I. (ed.) 2012. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Seventh Edition. Herpetological Circular 39: 1-92 Densmore III,L.D.; Rose,F.L. & Kain,S.J. 1992. Mitochondrial DNA evolution and speciation in water snakes (genus Nerodia) with special reference to Nerodia harteri. Herpetologica 48 (1): 60-68 - get paper here Dixon, James R. 2000. Amphibians and reptiles of Texas, second edition. Texas A&M University Press, 421 pp. Ernst, C.H. & Ernst, E.M. 2003. Snakes of the United States and Canada. Smithsonian Inst. Press, Washington, 668 pp. Greene, B.D., J.R. Dixon, M.J. Whiting, and J.M. Mueller. 1999. Reproductive ecology of the Concho water snake, Nerodia harteri paucimaculata . Copeia 1999 (3): 700-708 - get paper here Rose, F.L. and Selcer, K.W. 1989. Genetic divergence of the allopatric populations of Nerodia harteri. Journal of Herpetology 23 (3): 261 –266 - get paper here Siegel, Dustin S.; Stanley E. Trauth, Justin L. Rheubert, Brian Rabe, Brenton Ruopp, Aurélien Miralles, Christopher M. Murray, and Robert D. Aldridge 2014. Novel Cloacal Glands in Snakes: The Phylogenetic Distribution of Ventral Urodaeal Glands in Thamnophiini. Herpetologica 70 (3): 279-289. - get paper here Smith, J. R.;Brown, Chuck;Thornton, Okla W., Jr 1996. Geographic Distribution. Nerodia harteri paucimaculata. Herpetological Review 27 (1): 35 - get paper here Tennant, A. 2003. Snakes of North America - Eastern and Central Regions, revised edition. Lone Star Books, 605 pp. Tennant, A. & Bartlett, R.D. 2000. Snakes of North America - Eastern and Central Regions. Gulf Publishing, Houston, TX, 588 pp. Thornton, Okla W., Jr.;Smith, Jerry R. 1993. New county records of amphibians and reptiles from West-Central Texas. Herpetological Review 24 (1): 35-36 - get paper here Tinkle, D.W. & CONANT,R. 1961. The discovery of the water snake, Natrix harteri, in western Texas with the description of a new subspecies. Southwestern Naturalist 6: 33-44 - get paper here Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp. Weidler, J M 2019. Protected areas of Texas in relation to Texas reptiles. Herpetological Review 50 (3): 462-473 - get paper here Werler, John E. & James R. Dixon 2000. Texas Snakes. University of Texas Press, 544 pages Whiting, Martin J., James R. Dixon, Brian D. Greene, James M. Mueller, Okla W. Thornton Jr., Jeff S. Hatfield, James D. Nichols and James E. Hines. 2008. Population Dynamics of the Concho Water Snake in Rivers and Reservoirs. Copeia 2008 (2): 438-445 - get paper here Whiting, Martin J.;Dixon, James R.;Greene, Brian D. 1997. Spatial ecology of the Concho water snake (Nerodia herteri paucimaculata) in a large lake system. Journal of Herpetology 31 (3): 327-335 - get paper here
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information http://www.zo.utexas.edu/research/txherps/snakes/ http://www.arod.com.au/arod/reptilia/Squamata/Hydrophiidae/Aipysurus/laevis http://bb35.tpwd.state.tx.us/nature/endang/conchows.htm https://www.facebook.com/groups/stshc/posts/488354236722513 Google images

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