You are here » home › search results › Pantherophis alleghaniensis

Pantherophis alleghaniensis (HOLBROOK, 1836)

iNaturalist logo

Can you confirm these amateur observations of Pantherophis alleghaniensis?

Add your own observation of
Pantherophis alleghaniensis »

Find more photos by Google images search: Google images

Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Lampropeltini, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Eastern Rat Snake (alleghaniensis)
E: Western Rat Snake (obsoleta)
E: Yellow Rat Snake (quadrivittata)
E: Everglades Ratsnake (rossalleni)
G: Erdnatter
E: Midland Rat Snake, Gray Rat Snake (spiloides)
G: Graue Pilotnatter (spiloides) 
SynonymColuber Alleghaniensis HOLBROOK 1836: 111
Coluber reticularis DAUDIN 1803 (part., see comment)
Scotophis alleghaniensis BAIRD & GIRARD 1853: 73
Elaphis spiloides DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 269
Elaphis holbrookii DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1854: 272
Elaphis alleghaniensis — HALLOWELL 1856: 243
Elaphis obsoletus var. alleghaniensis — GARMAN 1884: 54
Coluber obsoletus lemniscatus COPE 1888: 386 (part.)
Coluber spiloides — COPE 1900: 841
Coluber obsoletus lemniscatus — COPE 1900: 849
Elaphe quadrivittata deckerti BRADY 1932
Elaphe williamsi BARBOUR & CARR 1940: 340
Elaphe quadrivittata parallela BARBOUR & ENGELS 1942: 103
Elaphe obsoleta rossalleni NEILL 1949
Elaphe obsoleta williamsi — BECHTEL 1978: 521
Elaphe obsoleta deckerti — STANKOWSKI 1986
Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 197
Elaphe obsoleta rossalleni — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 198
Elaphe obsoleta spiloides — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 199
Elaphe obsoleta spiloides — CROTHER 2000: 62
Elaphe obsoleta spiloides — TENNANT & BARTLETT 2000: 386
Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta — CROTHER 2000: 62
Elaphe obsoleta rossalleni — CROTHER 2000: 62
Elaphe obsoleta rossalleni — TENNANT & BARTLETT 2000: 385
Elaphe alleghaniensis — BURBRINK 2001
Elaphe spiloides — BURBRINK 2001
Elaphe obsoleta spiloides — TENNANT 2003: 395
Pantherophis obsoletus spiloides — SCHMIDT & KUNZ 2005: 68
Pantherophis obsoletus spiloides — LOVE 2007
Scotophis spiloides — COLLINS & TAGGART 2008
Elaphe obsoleta spiloides — ENGE 2009
Pantherophis spiloides — PYRON & BURBRINK 2009
Scotophis spiloides — MESHAKA & COLLINS 2009
Scotophis alleghaniensis — MESHAKA & COLLINS 2009
Pantherophis alleghaniensis — PYRON & BURBRINK 2009
Scotophis spiloides — SAVIOLA et al. 2012
Pantherophis spiloides — WALLACH et al. 2014: 530
Pantherophis alleghaniensis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 528
Pantherophis alleghaniensis — BURBRINK et al. 2021
Pantherophis obsoletus alleghaniensis — HILLIS 2022
Pantherophis obsoletus spiloides — HILLIS 2022 
DistributionUSA (east of the Appalachian Mountains, north to Ohio, SE New York, W Vermont, Pennsylvania, Maryland, South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia [east of the Chattohoochee River], Florida [east of the Apalachicola River]).

Type locality: “summit of the blue Ridge in Virginia”, not “highlands of the Hudson” (see Pyron & Burbrink 2021)

spiloides: Canada (S Ontario), USA (west of the Apalachicola River and the Appalachian Mountains and east of the Mississippi River. South from Louisiana along the gulf Coast of the US to Florida, and north in W New York, Maryland, Pennsylvania, S Michigan, NE Indiana, C Illinois, SW Wisconsin, Tennessee). Type locality: La Nouvelle-Orleans [= New Orleans, Louisiana]  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesLectotype: ANSP 16792; paralectotype: MNHN-RA 0.829 (this specimen is also one of two primary syntypes of Elaphis holbrookii Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 854, see Pyron & Burbrink 2021)
Syntypes: MNHN-RA 0.829, MNHN-RA 0.7256 [Elaphis holbrookii]
Lectotype: USNM 248870 (skin only, originally USNM 4710), designated by Burbrink et al. 2021; paralectotypes: ANSP 10893, USNM 8798 [Coluber obsoletus lemniscatus]
Holotype: MCZ 46468 [parallela]
Holotype: ANSP 3773; South Carolina (?) [quadrivittatus]
Holotype: Florida State Museum of Natural History [rossalleni]
Holotype: MCZ 45705, adult male [williamsi]
Holotype: USNM 84295 [Elaphe quadrivittata deckerti]
Holotype: MNHN-RA 0827 [spiloides]
Holotype: USNM 1563 [Scotophis confinis] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (747 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentHybrids: BRÖER (1977) reports a hybrid between E. guttata guttata and E. obsoleta quadrivittata. Bechtel & Mountain (1960) report hybrids between Elaphe guttata and E. obsoleta rossaleni. A complete genome of Pantherophis alleghaniensis was shown to be a hybrid of P. obsoletus and P. alleghaniensis (Burbrink et al. 2023).

Distribution: see maps in BURBRINK 2001, Burbrink et al. 2021.

The diagnosis of E. alleghaniensis by BURBRINK (2001) is unfortunately not very useful as it gives mostly relative characters (”E. alleghaniensis tends to have a higher number of subcaudals than E. spiloides” etc.) and hardly any comparisons with other species.

Phylogenetics: Burbrink et al. 2020 recognized three species (P. obsoletus (western clade), P. alleghaniensis (eastern), and P. spiloides (central ) but then discovered that they type of P. alleghaniensis actually was within the central clade (only noted in the supplemental material). The correct clade names are thus: P. obsoletus (western; west of the Mississippi River), P. alleghaniensis (central), and P. quadrivittatus (eastern) (T. Taggart, pers. comm., 20 Oct 2021).

Habitat: partly arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018).

Synonymy: Coluber reticularis DAUDIN 1803 is a binomical based on La Cépède (1789) name ‘La réticulaire’, but unavailable because the latter was suppressed by ICZN opinion 1463. See Pyron & Burbrink 2021 and Burbrink et al. 2021 for details.

NCBI taxonomy ID: 648198 [spiloides] 
EtymologyNamed after the Allegheny Mountains (a part of the Apalachians) or the Allegheny River in west-central Pennsylvania. The meaning of the word, which comes from the Lenape (Delaware) Native Americans, is not definitively known but is usually translated as "fine river" (Wikipedia). 
References
  • Adams, Ronald and Brian I. Crother. 2015. Pantherophis spiloides (gray ratsnake), Agkistrodon piscivorus (cottonmouth), Coluber constrictor (North American racer), Thamnophis proximus (western ribbonsnake) aggregation behavior. Herpetological Review 46 (2): 276 - get paper here
  • Allen, E. Ross; Neill, Wilfred T. 1950. The life history of the Everglades rat snake, Elaphe obsoleta rossalleni. Herpetologica 6 (5): 109-112 - get paper here
  • Allen, Morrow J. 1932. A survey of the Amphibians and reptiles of Harrison County, Mississippi. American Museum Novitates (542): 1-20 - get paper here
  • Baird, S. F. and C. Girard. 1853. Catalogue of North American Reptiles in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Part 1.-Serpents. Smithsonian Inst., Washington, xvi + 172 pp. - get paper here
  • Barbour, Thomas; Carr, F., Jr 1940. Notes on Elaphe and a new species. Occ. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 8: 337-342
  • Bechtel, H. Bernard 1978. Color pattern in snakes (Reptilia, Serpentes). Journal of Herpetology 12 (4): 521-532 - get paper here
  • Bechtel, H.B. & Mountain, J. 1960. Interspecific Hybridization between Two Snakes of the Genus Elaphe. Copeia 1960 (2): 151-153 - get paper here
  • Behrendt, Marc. 2016. New amphibian and reptile township records from Perry County, Ohio, USA: A call to action. Herpetological Review 47 (2): 270-272 - get paper here
  • Birkhead, R. D. 2012. Pantherophis spiloides (grat ratsnake) diet. Herpetological Review 43: 348-349 - get paper here
  • Blake, Hugh 1993. The Texas rat snake (Elaphe obsoleta lindheimeri). Vivarium 4 (6): 15-18
  • Blouin-Demers, Gabriel, Laura P. G. Bjorgan and Patrick J. Weatherhead 2007. Changes in habitat use and movement patterns with body size in black ratsnakes, Elaphe obsoleta. Herpetologica 63 (4): 421-429 - get paper here
  • Blouin-Demers, Gabriel; Gibbs, Lisle H. 2003. Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the black rat snake (Elaphe obsoleta). Molecular Ecology Notes 3 (1): 98-99 - get paper here
  • Böhme, W. 2005. Der “Savannah River Ecology Site” und seine herpetologischen Highlights. Herpetofauna 25 (142): 13-21 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, George A. 1894. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume II., Containing the Conclusion of the Colubridæ Aglyphæ. British Mus. (Nat. Hist.), London, xi, 382 pp. - get paper here
  • Brady, M. K. 1932. A new snake from Florida. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 45: 5-8 - get paper here
  • Bröer, W. 1978. Bastarde bei zwei Elaphe-Arten. Salamandra 14 (2): 63-68 - get paper here
  • Buckner, Sandra D.;Franz, Richard 1994. Elaphe obsoleta (rat snake). Bahamas: Little Bahama Bank. Herpetological Review 25 (4): 166 - get paper here
  • Burbrink, F. T., Harrington, S. M., Bobo, D., & Myers, E. A. 2023. Considering admixture when producing draft genomes: an example in North American ratsnakes (P. alleghaniensis/P. obsoletus). G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics, jkad113 - get paper here
  • Burbrink, Frank T. 2001. Systematics of the Eastern Ratsnake complex (Elaphe obsoleta). Herpetological Monographs 15: 1-53 - get paper here
  • Burbrink, Frank T. and Robin Lawson 2007. How and when did Old World ratsnakes disperse into the New World? Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 43 (1): 173-189 - get paper here
  • Burbrink, Frank T. Marcelo Gehara, Alexander D. McKelvy, and Edward A. Myers. 2020. Resolving spatial complexities of hybridization in the context of the gray zone of speciation in North American ratsnakes (Pantherophis obsoletus complex). Evolution 75(2): 260–277
  • Burt, Charles E. 1933. A contribution to the herpetology of Kentucky. American Midland Naturalist 14 (6): 669-679 - get paper here
  • Burt, Charles E. 1933. A collection of amphibians and reptiles from southern Missouri. American Midland Naturalist 14 (2): 170-173 - get paper here
  • Burt, Charles E. 1935. Further records of the ecology and distribution of amphibians and reptiles in the middle west. American Midland Naturalist 16 (3): 311-336 - get paper here
  • Camper, Jeffrey D. 2019. The Reptiles of South Carolina. University of South Carolina Press, 288 pp. [review in Copeia 107 (3): 590, 2019] - get paper here
  • Carlson, Bradley E.; Jennie Williams and Jason Langshaw 2014. Is synchronized ecdysis in wild ratsnakes (Pantherophis alleghaniensis) linked to humidity? Herpetology Notes 7: 471-473 - get paper here
  • Collins, Joseph T. & Travis W. Taggart 2008. An alternative classification of the New World Rat Snakes (genus Pantherophis [Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae]). Journal of Kansas Herpetology (26): 16-18 - get paper here
  • Conant, Roger 1938. The Reptiles of Ohio. American Midland Naturalist 20 (1): 1-200 - get paper here
  • Conant,R. & Collins,J.T. 1991. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern/Central North America, 3rd ed. Houghton Mifflin (Boston/New York), xx + 450 p.
  • Cope, E.D. 1889. On the snakes of Florida. Proc. US Natl. Mus. 11: 381-394 [1888] - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1900. The crocodilians, lizards and snakes of North America. Ann. Rep. U.S. Natl. Mus. 1898: 153-1270 - get paper here
  • Crother, B. I. (ed.) 2012. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Seventh Edition. Herpetological Circular 39: 1-92
  • DeGregorio, Brett A., Sara R. Wendt, Patrick J. Weatherhead and Jinelle H. Sperry. 2014. Pantherophis alleghaniensis (eastern ratsnake) diet and foraging behavior. Herpetological Review 45 (1): 146 - get paper here
  • DeGregorio, Brett A.; Jinelle H. Sperry, and Patrick J. Weatherhead 2021. Factors Influencing the Use of Water-Filled Tree Cavities by Eastern Ratsnakes (Pantherophis alleghaniensis). Herpetological Conservation and Biology, 16(1):
  • Doody, J.S., Godwin, C. & Brantley, C. 2017. Pantherophis spiloides (Gray Ratsnake) Diet and Mortality. Herpetological Review 48 (3): 679. - get paper here
  • Duméril, A.M.C., G. BIBRON & A.H.A. DUMÉRIL 1854. Erpétologie générale ou Histoire Naturelle complète des Reptiles. Vol. 7 (partie 1). Paris, xvi + 780 S. - get paper here
  • Dunn, E.R. 1920. Some reptiles and amphibians from Virginia, North Carolina, Tennesse, and Alabama. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 33: 129-137 - get paper here
  • Durner, G. M., and J. E. Gates 1993. Spatial ecology of black rat snakes on Remington Farms, Maryland. Journal of Wildlife Management 57: 812–826 - get paper here
  • Enge, Kevin M. 2009. Venomous and non-venomous snakes of Florida. Publication of the Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission. 16 pp.
  • Fitch, H. S. 1963. Natural history of the black rat snake (Elaphe o. obsoleta) in Kansas. Copeia 1963 (4): 649-658 - get paper here
  • FLOWERS, JAMES R. & JEFFREY C. BEANE. 2021. Helminths of the Eastern Rat Snake, Pantherophis alleghaniensis Holbrook (Squamata: Colubridae), from North Carolina, U.S.A. Comparative Parasitology 88(2): 145–151. - get paper here
  • Force, Edith R. 1928. A Preliminary Checklist of Amphibians and Reptiles of Tulsa County. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 8: - get paper here
  • Fulbright, Michael C., James P. Flaherty and C. M. Gienger. 2013. Geographic Distribution: Pantherophis spiloides (gray ratsnake). Herpetological Review 44 (4): 629 - get paper here
  • Garman, S. 1887. Reptiles and batrachians from Texas and Mexico. Bull. Essex Inst. 19: 119-138
  • Gibbs, H Lisle; Sarah J. Corey, Gabriel Blouin-Demers, Kent A. Prior and Patrick J. Weatherhead 2006. HYBRIDIZATION BETWEEN MTDNA-DEFINED PHYLOGEOGRAPHIC LINEAGES OF BLACK RAT SNAKES (PANTHEROPHIS SP.). Molecular Ecology 15 (12) - get paper here
  • Gibson, Jason; Paul Sattler and Matthew Becker 2019. Results of the Thirteenth Annual HerpBlitz: The Cedars Natural Area Preserve, Lee County, Virginia. Catesbeiana 39 (2): 57-69 - get paper here
  • Gilbert, Carter R. 1974. Catalogue of type specimens in the Department of Natural Sciences, Florida State Museum. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum Biological Sciences 18 (2): 102-120 - get paper here
  • GIRASEK, QUINN L.;<br>BRENNA SCHIELDS<br>VINCENT P. BUONACCORSI<br>JOHN M. MATTER 2021. Phylogenetic Identification of North American Ratsnakes (Pantherophis) in Central Pennsylvania, USA. Herpetological Review 52 (1): 17–20.
  • GRISNIK, M., AND R. HANSCOM 2020. New County Records for Reptiles and Amphibians from Middle Tennessee’s Cumberland Plateau. Herpetological Review 51: 282-284.
  • Hallmen, M. 2005. Farb- und Zeichnungszuchten in der Terraristik. Reptilia (Münster) 10 (55): 16-22 - get paper here
  • Hallmen, M. 2006. Selective Breeding for color and pattern. Reptilia (GB) (44): 12-18 - get paper here
  • Hallowell, E. 1856. Notice of a collection of reptiles from Kansas and Nebraska, presented to the Academy of Natural Sciences by Dr. Hammond, U.S.A. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 8: 238-253 - get paper here
  • Hantak MM, Guralnick RP, Cameron AC, Griffing AH, Harrington SM, Weinell JL, Paluh DJ. 2022. Colour scales with climate in North American ratsnakes: a test of the thermal melanism hypothesis using community science images. Biol. Lett. 18: 20220403 - get paper here
  • Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here
  • Hastings, Alexander K. . 2010. Pantherophis alleghaniensis: Diet. Herpetological Review 41 (3): 371 - get paper here
  • HILLIS, DAVID M. 2022. Species, Clades, and their Relationship to Paraphyly and Monophyly: Examples from the Pantherophis obsoletus Complex. Herpetological Review 53 (1): 47–53.
  • Holbrook, John E. 1836. North American Herpetology, Vol. 1 (1st ed.). J. Dobson, Philadelphia, 120 pp. - get paper here
  • Holt, Brian D. and Tidwell, Keith 2017. Geographic Distribution: Pantherophis spiloides (Gray Ratsnake). Herpetological Review 48 (1): 130 - get paper here
  • Irwin, Kelly J. 2004. Arkansas Snake Guide. Arkansas Game & Fish Commission, Little Rock, 50 pp.
  • Jackson, J. Andrew 1997. Geographic Distribution. Elaphe obsoleta spilotes. Herpetological Review 28 (2): 97 - get paper here
  • Kee, Joshua P. 2015. Geographic Distribution: Pantherophis spiloides (Gray ratsnake). Herpetological Review 46 (2): 221 - get paper here
  • King, Richard B.; Oldham, Michael J.; Weller, Wayne F.; Wynn, Douglas. 1997. Historic and current amphibian and reptile distributions in the Island Region of Western Lake Erie. American Midland Naturalist 138(1):153-173 - get paper here
  • Kleopfer, J.D.; J.C. Mitc hell, M.J. Pinder & S.H. Watson 2017. A Guide to the snakes and lizards of Virginia. Virginia Department of Game & Inland Fisheries. Richmond, VA, 72 pp.
  • KUTOK, NATHAN J.; PHILLIP D. REZIN & KALEB BANKS. 2022. Geographic distribution: PANTHEROPHIS SPILOIDES (Gray Ratsnake). USA: ILLINOIS: Whiteside Co. Herpetological Review 53 (1): 81.
  • Lewis, Thomas H. 1946. Reptiles and Amphibians of Smith Island, N.C. American Midland Naturalist 36 (3): 682-684 - get paper here
  • Lillywhite, Harvey B. 2014. How Snakes Work: Structure, Function and Behavior of the World's Snakes. Oxford University Press, New York, 256 pp
  • Lönnberg, Einar 1894. Notes on reptiles and batrachians collected in Florida in 1892 and 1893. Proc. US Natl. Mus. 17 (1003): 317-339 - get paper here
  • Lougheed, S.C., et al. 1999. Hierarchical patterns of genetic population structure in black rat snakes (Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta) as revealed by microsatellite DNA analysis. Evolution 53:1995-2001 - get paper here
  • Love, B. 2007. Eine Landpartie. Reptilia (Münster) 12 (65): 14-15 - get paper here
  • Lovich, J.E. & Jaworski, T.R. 1988. Annotated checklist of Amphibians and Reptiles reported from Cedar Bog, Ohio. Ohio J. Sci. 88 (4): 139-143 - get paper here
  • Lutterschmidt, William I.; J.M. Weidler, and Christopher M. Schalk 2019. Hot Moments and Hot Spots in the Bayou: Spatiotemporal Patterns of Road Occurrence in a Snake Assemblage in Louisiana, USA. Herp. Conserv. Biology 14 (2): - get paper here
  • McCallum, Malcolm L., Bradley A. McCallum and Donald B. McCallum, Jr. 2011. Pantherophis spiloides (gray ratsnake) attempted predation and aquatic escape behavior. Herpetological Review 42 (3): 443 - get paper here
  • Meshaka Jr, Walter E.;, Jane Netting Huff & Robert C. Leberman 2008. Amphibians and Reptiles of Powdermill Nature Reserve in Western Pennsylvania. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (25): 12-18 - get paper here
  • Meshaka, Jr., Walter E. & Joseph T. Collins 2009. A POCKET GUIDE TO PENNSYLVANIA SNAKES. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 56 pp. - get paper here
  • Mullin, S.J. & W.H.N. Gutzke 1999. The Foraging Ecology of the Gray Rat Snake (Elaphe obsoleta spiloides). I. Influence of Habitat Structural Complexity when searching for Mammalian Prey Herpetologica 55 (1): 18-28. - get paper here
  • Mullin, Stephen J. & Robert J. Cooper 2000. The foraging ecology of the gray rat snake (Elaphe obsoleta spiloides). II. Influence of habitat structural complexity when searching for arboreal avian prey. Amphibia-Reptilia 21 (2): 211-222 - get paper here
  • Nelson, Stephen K. and R. Michael Ogle. 2014. Geographical Distribution: Pantherophis spiloides (gray ratsnake). Herpetological Review 45 (4): 665 - get paper here
  • Novotny, Raymond J. 1997. Geographic Distribution. Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta. Herpetological Review 28 (2): 97 - get paper here
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • Perry, David A. 2013. Virginia Herpetological Society Survey of Back Bay NWR and False Cape State Park. Catesbeiana 33 (2): 48-61 - get paper here
  • Peters, Ashley S., Evan Lawrence and Kay Stone. 2016. Pantherophis spiloides (Gray Ratsnake) Diet. Herpetological Review 47 (2): 314 - get paper here
  • Phillips, JG 2016. Updated Geographic Distributions of Michigan Herpetofauna: a Synthesis of Old and New Sources. The Journal of North American Herpetology 2016: 45–69 - get paper here
  • Potts, George D. & Joseph T. Collins 2005. A CHECKLIST OF THE VERTEBRATE ANIMALS OF KANSAS. Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, 50 pp.
  • PYRON, R. ALEXANDER; STEVE GOTTE & FRANK T. BURBRINK. 2021. Additional comments on the types and nomina of several North American ratsnakes (Pantherophis obsoletus complex, Colubridae, Serpentes). Bionomina 25 (1): 70–75. - get paper here
  • Pyron, R.Alexander; Frank T. Burbrink 2009. Neogene diversification and taxonomic stability in the snake tribe Lampropeltini (Serpentes: Colubridae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 52 (2): 524-529 - get paper here
  • Rush, Scott A.; Kim Sash, John Carroll, Bill Palmer, and Aaron T. Fisk 2014. Feeding Ecology of the Snake Community of the Red Hills Region Relative to Management for Northern Bobwhite: Assessing the Diet of Snakes Using Stable Isotopes. Copeia Jun 2014, Vol. 2014, No. 2: 288-296. - get paper here
  • Ruthven, Alexander G.;Thompson, Crystal;Gaige, Helen T. 1928. The Herpetology of Michigan. Michigan Geological and Biological Survey 10 (3): 1-166 [CNAH reprint 7]
  • Saviola, Anthony J.; Valerie J. McKenzie, David Chiszar 2012. Chemosensory responses to chemical and visual stimuli in five species of colubrid snakes. Acta Herpetologica 7 (1): 91-103 - get paper here
  • Say, T. 1823. In James, E. Account of an expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains, performed in the years 1819, '20, by order of the Hon. J. C. Calhoun, Secretary of War, under the command of Major Stephen H. Long. Vol. 1. Philadelphia, H. C. Carey & I. Lea. - get paper here
  • Schmidt, D. 2004. Zur Reproduktion von Schlangen im Terrarium: Aufgaben - Fakten - Probleme. Draco 5 (17): 22-36 - get paper here
  • Schmidt, D. 2004. Die Erdnatter (Pantherophis obsoletus). Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 64 pp. - get paper here
  • Schmidt, D. & Kunz, K. 2005. Ernährung von Schlangen. Natur und Tier Verlag, Münster, 159 pp. - get paper here
  • Schulz, K. D. 1996. Eine Monographie der Schlangengattung Elaphe Fitzinger. Bushmaster, Berg (CH): 1-460
  • Schulz, Klaus-Dieter 1996. A monograph of the colubrid snakes of the genus Elaphe Fitzinger. Koeltz Scientific Books, 439 pp.
  • Schwartz, J.M., Rheubert, J.L., Neal, C.J., Schwartz, T.E. & Welker, D.J. 2018. Geographic Distribution: Pantherophis alleghaniensis (Eastern Ratsnake). Herpetological Review 49 (1): 78. - get paper here
  • Schweiger, M. 1995. Florida - herpetologische Eindrücke einer Rundreise. Elaphe 3 (3): 76-80
  • Simpson, Zack J., Dozier, Jamie, Platt, Steven G., Miller, Stanlee M. and Rainwater, Thomas R. 2017. Pantherophis alleghaniensis (Eastern Ratsnake) Diet. Herpetological Review 48 (1): 217 - get paper here
  • SMITH, DUSTIN C.; R. GRAHAM REYNOLDS; KATHERINE L. HAGEN 2021. Snakes on a Path: Ecology of a North Carolina Piedmont Snake Community. Herpetological Review 52 (3): 473–481
  • Smith, L. & Durso, A.M. 2017. Pantherophis alleghaniensis (Eastern Ratsnake) Foraging. Herpetological Review 48 (4): 865 - get paper here
  • Snyder, Richard C. 1945. Notes on the snakes of southeastern Alabama. Copeia 1945 (3): 173-174 - get paper here
  • Stankowski, B. 1986. Erdnattern (E. obsoleta) - ideale Schlangen für den Anfänger. Herpetofauna 8 (42): 29-34 - get paper here
  • STEVENSON, DIRK J. et al. 2021. New County Records for Amphibians and Reptiles in Georgia, USA. Herpetological Review 52 (2): 350-359
  • Tennant, A. 2003. Snakes of North America - Eastern and Central Regions, revised edition. Lone Star Books, 605 pp.
  • Tennant, A. & Bartlett, R.D. 2000. Snakes of North America - Eastern and Central Regions. Gulf Publishing, Houston, TX, 588 pp.
  • Thompson, D. 2012. Geographic distribution: Pantherophis alleghaniensis (eastern ratsnake). Herpetological Review 43: 449 - get paper here
  • Truelock, Zach. 2015. Geographic Distribution: Pantherophis spiloides (gray ratsnake). Herpetological Review 46 (4): 575 - get paper here
  • Utiger, Urs, Notker Helfenberger, Beat Schätti, Catherine Schmidt, Markus Ruf and Vincent Ziswiler 2002. Molecular systematics and phylogeny of Old World and New World ratsnakes, Elaphe Auct., and related genera (Reptilia, Squamata, Colubridae). Russ. J. Herpetol. 9 (2): 105-124. - get paper here
  • Voris, H.K., D.R. Karns, K.A. Feldheim, B. Kechavarzi, and M. Rinehart. 2008. Multiple paternity in the oriental-australian rear-fanged watersnakes (Homalopsidae). Herp. Cons. Biol. 3: 88-102 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Weisenbeck, D. R., Nelson, E. M., & McLeod, D. S. 2022. Herpetological inventory at Sweet’s Farm in Highland County, Virginia. Banisteria, 56, 118-136 - get paper here
  • Wilgers, D.J.; Horne, E.A.; Sandercock, B.K. & Volkmann, A.W. 2006. Effects of rangeland management on community dynamics of the herpetofauna of the Tall-grass Prairie [Flint Hills, Kansas/Oklahoma]. Herpetologica 62 (4): 378-388 - get paper here
 
External links  
Is it interesting? Share with others:

As link to this species use URL address:

https://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Pantherophis&species=alleghaniensis

without field 'search_param'. Field 'search_param' is used for browsing search result.



Please submit feedback about this entry to the curator