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Phalotris bilineatus (DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL, 1854)

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Dumeril's Diadem Snake 
SynonymElapomorphus bilineatus DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 839
Elapomorphus bilineatus — JAN 1865
Elapomorphus bilineatus — STRAUCH 1884: 563
Elapomorphus lemniscatus BOULENGER 1885 (part.)
Elapomorphus bilineatus — AMARAL 1929 (part.)
Elapomorphus bilineatus — AMARAL 1929: 202 (part.)
Elapomorphus bollei MERTENS 1954: 183
Elapomorphus bilineatus reticulatus — LEMA 1970 (part.)
Elapomorphus bilineatus — FREIBERG 1982
Phalotris bilineatus — LEYNAUD & BUCHER 1999: 27
Phalotris suspectus — DE LEMA 2002
Phalotris bilineatus — GIRAUDO & SCROCCHI 2002
Phalotris bilineatus — SCROCCHI et al. 2006: 115
Phalotris bilineatus — WALLACH et al. 2014
Phalotris spegazzini — CABRAL & CACCIALI 2015 (in part)
Phalotris lemniscatus CACCIALI et al. 2016 (in part).
Phalotris bilineatus — SCROCCHI et al. 2022 
DistributionArgentina (Corrientes)

Type locality: Corrientes, Argentina

bollei: Argentina (Buenos Aires); Type locality: “Tandil, etwa 350 km südlich Buenos Aires und 150 km von der Küste, Provinz Buenos Aires, Argentinien”  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: MNHN-RA 0.3667 (dry, dehydrated skin)
Holotype: SMF 42004, adult female, collected by Bolle 1953 [bollei] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Phalotris bilineatus can be distinguished from all other congeners in the P. bilineatus group by a unique combination of the following characters: head dorsally black with rostral and first supralabials lighter; and ventrally almost white (vs. head entirely black in P. illustrator); nuchal collars absent (vs. present in other species of the group, with exception of P. illustrator and P. spegazzinii); belly with ventral scales white, with a half-moon shaped black dot in the anterior portion of each ventral scale; the dots enlarge toward posterior region of body, occupying almost all surface of ventral scales, being white only on the borders in contact with dorsal scale rows (vs. almost entirely black in P. illustrator, and P. spegazzinii); sides of the body with a narrow black stripe on 4–5th dorsal scale rows and 1–3rd dorsal scales rows white (vs. wider black lateral stripe 3–4 scales wide in P. illustrator, P. reticulatus and P. spegazzinii); cloacal shield with black ring present (vs. absent in P. multipunctatus); rostral scales projected backward, reaching or slightly separated from the prefrontal (vs. rostral well separated from the prefrontal in other species of the group). (Scrocchi et al. 2022). 
CommentVenomous!

Synonymy: see notes under P. lemniscatus.

Distribution: restricted to Corrientes fide Scrocchi et al. 2022. See map in Scrocchi et al. 2002: 51 (Fig. 3). 
EtymologyApparently named after the two black lines, one on each side of the snake. 
References
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  • Amaral, A. do 1924. New genus and species of South American snakes contained in the United States National Museum. J. Washington Acad. Sci. 14: 200-202 - get paper here
  • Avila, Fernanda de; Juliano Oliveira, Mateus de Oliveira, Marcio Borges-Martins, Victor Hugo Valiati, Alexandro Tozetti 2019. Does color polymorphism affect the predation risk on Phalotris lemniscatus (Duméril, Bibron and Duméril, 1854) (Serpentes, Dipsadidae)? Acta Herpetologica 14 (1): 57-63 - get paper here
  • Bérnils, R.S.; Batista, M.A. & Bertelli, P.W. 2001. Cobras e lagartos do Vale: levantamento das espécies de Squamata (Reptilia, Lepidosauria) da Bacia do Rio Itajai, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Rev. Est. Ambientais (Blumenau) 3 (1): 69-79
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  • Scrocchi, G. J., Giraudo, A. R., & Nenda, S. J. 2022. Taxonomic notes on the Phalotris bilineatus group (Serpentes: Dipsadidae: Elapomorphini), with the description of a new species from northwestern Argentina. Cuadernos de Herpetología 36 (1): 47-63 - get paper here
  • Scrocchi, G.J.; Moreta, J.C. & Kretzschmar, S. 2006. Serpientes del Noroeste Argento [Jujuy, Salta, Tucumán, Catamarca, La Rioja, Santiago del Estero]. Fundación Miguel Lillo, Tucumán, 178 pp.
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