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Philothamnus ruandae LOVERIDGE, 1951

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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Ruanda Emerald Green Snake, Rwanda Forest Green Snake 
SynonymPhilothamnus heterodermus ruandae LOVERIDGE 1951: 2
Philothamnus heterodermus ruandae — LOVERIDGE 1958: 68
Philothamnus heterodermus ruandae — PITMAN 1974
Philothamnus ruandae — HUGHES 1985: 515
Philothamnus ruandae — BROADLEY 1998
Philothamnus ruandae — SPAWLS et al. 2001
Philothamnus ruandae — ROELKE & SMITH 2010
Philothamnus ruandae — WALLACH et al. 2014: 558
Philothamnus ruandae — SPAWLS et al. 2018: 495 
DistributionRwanda, Congo (Brazzaville), Lake Kivu, Uganda

Type locality: Mulungu, Lake Kivu, Belgian Congo.  
Reproductionoviparous (not imputed, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: IRSNB 
Diagnosis 
CommentThe validity of this species is unclear (RÖDEL & MAHSBERG 2000).

Habitat: fully arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018). 
EtymologyNamed after the type locality. 
References
  • Behangana, M., Byaruhanga, A., Magala, R. et al. 2023. An Analysis of the Herpetofauna Communities in the Last Moderately Altered, High-Altitude Wetlands of Uganda. Wetlands 43, 88 - get paper here
  • Broadley, D.G. 1998. The reptilian fauna of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Congo-Kinshasa). In: Schmidt, K.P. and Noble, G.K., Contributions to the Herpetology of the Belgian Congo... [reprint of the 1919 and 1923 papers]. SSAR Facsimile reprints in Herpetology, 780 pp.
  • Chippaux, Jean-Philippe & Kate Jackson 2019. Snakes of Central and Western Africa. Johns Hopkins University Press, 448 pp. [detaileld review in HR 51 (1): 161] - get paper here
  • Engelbrecht, H.M., Branch, W.R., Greenbaum, E., Alexander, G.J., Jackson, K., Burger, M., Conradie, W., Kusamba, C., Zassi-Boulou, A-G., Tolley, K.A. 2018. Diversifying into the branches: species boundaries in African green and bush snakes, Philothamnus (Serpentes: Colubridae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 130: 357-365 - get paper here
  • Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here
  • Hughes, B. 1985. Progress on a taxonomic revision of African green tree snakes (Philothamnus spp.). In: Schuchmann, K.L. (ed.) Proceedings of the International Symposium on African Vertebrates. ZFMK, Bonn, pp. 511-530
  • Loveridge, A. 1951. Synopsis of the African Green Snakes (Philothamnus inc. Chlorophis) with the description of a new form. Bull. Inst. Roy. Sci. Nat. Belgique 27: 1-12
  • Loveridge,A. 1958. Revision of five african snake genera. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 119: 1-198 (141) - get paper here
  • Pitman,C.R.S. 1974. A guide to the snakes of Uganda. Codicote, Wheldon & Wesley, L., 290 pp.
  • Roelke, Corey E. & Smith, E.N. 2010. Herpetofauna, Parc National des Volcans, North Province, Republic of Rwanda. Check List 6 (4): 525-531 - get paper here
  • Spawls, S.; Howell, K.; Drewes, R.C. & Ashe, J. 2002. A field guide to the reptiles of East Africa. Academic Press, 543 pp. [reviews in HR 34: 396 and Afr. J. Herp. 51; 147] - get paper here
  • Spawls, Steve; Kim Howell, Harald Hinkel, Michele Menegon 2018. Field Guide to East African Reptiles. Bloomsbury, 624 pp. - get paper here
  • TRAPE, Jean-François; Barry HUGHES, Marcel COLLET & Oleg MEDIANNIKOV 2021. Phylogénie moléculaire des serpents du groupe Philothamnus heterodermus (Hallowell, 1857) (Squamata : Colubridae : Colubrinae) avec la description de deux espèces nouvelles. Bull. Soc. Herp. Fr. 179: 27-42 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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