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Phrynosoma modestum GIRARD, 1852

IUCN Red List - Phrynosoma modestum - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaPhrynosomatidae, Phrynosomatinae, Phrynosomatini; Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Roundtail Horned Lizard
G: Rundschwanz-Krötenechse
S: Tapayaxin 
SynonymPhrynosoma modestum GIRARD in BAIRD & GIRARD 1852: 69
Doliosaurus modestus — GIRARD 1858: 409
Phrynosoma modestum — GENTRY 1885: 148
Phrynosoma modestum — BOULENGER 1885: 248
Anota modesta — COPE 1896: 1014
Anota modesta — COPE 1900
Phrynosoma modestum — SMITH & TAYLOR 1950: 101
Phrynosoma modestum — STEBBINS 1985: 142
Phrynosoma modestum — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 114
Phrynosoma modestum — LINER 1994
Phrynosoma modestum — WHITING & DIXON 1996
Phrynosoma (Doliosaurus) modestum — LINER 2007
Phrynosoma (Doliosaurus) modestum — DE QUEIROZ in CROTHER et al. 2017
Phrynosoma modestum — KÖHLER 2021
Phrynosoma modestum — HEIMES 2022 
DistributionUSA (SE Arizona, New Mexico, W Texas, Colorado),
Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, W Nuevo Leon, NE Durango, NE Zacatecas, NW San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Aguascalientes; one isolated record in W Tamaulipas)

Type locality: The Rio Grande west of San Antonio, Texas [CHURCHILL], from between San Antonio and El Paso [GRAHAM]. Restricted to Las Cruces, New Mexico by SMITH & TAYLOR 1950.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesSyntypes: INHS (= UIMNH) 40746; J. H. Clark; 1857; USNM 164 (see also SMITH & TAYLOR 1950); USNM 165660 was intended to be the lectotype. Lectotype designation by Ralph Axtell but designation is not valid as it was never published (pers. comm., Ralph Axtell, July 1988, cited in USNM catalog). 
Diagnosis 
CommentGroup: Belongs to the Doliosaurus clade fide LEACHE & MCGUIRE 2006. 
EtymologyThe name modestum is from the Latin modestus, meaning orderly, restrained, and unassuming, and presumably refers to the status of this species as the smallest member of the genus (Whiting & Dixon 1996). 
References
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  • Baird,S.F. and Girard,C. 1852. Reptiles. in: Stansbury’s Exploration and survey of the valley of the Great Salt Lake of Utah, 1852, including a Reconnoissance of a new Route through the Rocky Mountains. Philadelphia, Lippincott & Co., pp. 336-365 - get paper here
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