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Phytolopsis punctata GRAY, 1849

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Higher TaxaHomalopsidae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Blackwater Mud Snake, Spotted Water Snake
G: Gefleckte Wassertrugnatter 
SynonymPhytolopsis punctata GRAY 1849: 68
Eurostus heteraspis BLEEKER 1859: 440
Homalopsis deissneri GIEBEL (nomen nudum, fide MÜLLER 1940)
Tachyplotus hedemanni REINHARDT 1866: 151
Pythonopsis borneensis PETERS 1871: 576
Pythonopsis punctata — PETERS 1872
Hypsirhina hageni LIDTH DE JEUDE 1890: 20
Hypsirhina punctata — BOULENGER 1896: 3
Hypsirhina punctata — WERNER 1900: 490
Enhydris punctata — STEJNEGER 1907
Enhydris punctata — SMEDLEY 1931: 54
Enhydris punctata — GRANDISON 1978: 292
Enhydris punctata — BAUER et al. 1995: 74
Enhydris punctata — MURPHY 2007: 160
Enhydris punctata — WALLACH et al. 2014: 273
Phytolopsis punctata — MURPHY & VORIS 2014: 32
Phytolopsis punctate — HUSSON et al. 2018 (in error) 
DistributionWest Malaysia, Sarawak, Singapore,
Indonesia (Bangka, Belitung, Kalimantan/Borneo, Sumatra);
Brunei Darussalam;

Type locality: see comment  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesHolotype: BMNH 1946.1.2.37
Holotype: MSNG 6735 [borneensis]
Holotype: MLUHG [deissneri] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus): Large bodied, dorsal scales in 25–27 rows; upper labials number 11–13, those behind eye horizontally divided; lower labials 12–15; ventrals 148–160; subcaudals 36–48; upper labial 5 or 5–6 under orbit; no suboculars; two pairs of chin shields, first pair very wide. Readily distinguished from Homalophis by lower number of scales at mid-body (29–33 in Homalophis), single supraocular (2 or 3 in Homalophis), and absence of subocular (MURPHY & VORIS 2014: 32). 
CommentDistribution: original type locality given erroneously as India. Not on Java (Murphy 2007, de Lang 2017).

Type species: Phytolopsis punctata GRAY 1849: 68 is the type species of the genus Phytolopsis GRAY 1849. 
EtymologyMurphy 2017 suggested this species was named after the Latin punctura = hole, prick, or puncture, and may refer to the bite (marks). The species does not always have any punctate pattern or spots but some specimens actually do. 
References
  • Capocaccia, L. 1961. Catalogo dei tipi di Rettili del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova [MSNG]. Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Giacomo Doria 72: 86-111 - get paper here
  • David,P. & Vogel, G. 1996. The snakes of Sumatra. An annotated checklist and key with natural history notes. Bücher Kreth, Frankfurt/M.
  • Fabre, Anne-Claire; David Bickford, Marion Segall and Anthony Herrel 2016. The impact of diet, habitat use, and behaviour on head shape evolution in homalopsid snakes. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, DOI: 10.1111/bij.12753 - get paper here
  • FIGUEROA, ALEX; MARTYN E.Y. LOW, KELVIN K.P. LIM 2023. Singapore’s herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution. Zootaxa 5287 (1): 001–378 - get paper here
  • Grandison, A. G. C. 1978. Snakes of West Malaysia and Singapore. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 81 [1977]: 283-303 - get paper here
  • Gray, J. E. 1849. Catalogue of the specimens of snakes in the collection of the British Museum. Edward Newman, London, i-xv; 1-125. - get paper here
  • Husson, S.J.; S.H. Limin, Adul, N.S. Boyd, J.J. Brousseau, S. Collier, S.M. Cheyne, L.J. D’Arcy, R.A. Dow, N.W. Dowds, M.L. Dragiewicz, D.A. Ehlers Smith, Iwan, Hendri, P.R. Houlihan, K.A. Jeffers, B.J.M. Jarrett, I.P. Kulu, H.C. Morrogh-Bernard, S.E 2018. Biodiversity of the Sebangau tropical peat swamp forest, Indonesian Borneo. Mires and Peat 22 (05): 1–50 - get paper here
  • Müller,L. 1941. Über die in der Sammlung des zoologischen Institutes der Universität Halle a. Saale aufbewahrten Amphibien und Reptilientypen. [type catalogue] Zeitschr. f. Naturwiss. 94: 182-205
  • Murphy, J.C. & Voris, H.K. 2014. A Checklist and Key to the Homalopsid Snakes (Reptilia, Squamata, Serpentes), with the Description of New Genera. FIELDIANA: LIFE AND EARTH SCIENCES (8): 1–43 - get paper here
  • Murphy, John C. 2007. Homalopsid Snakes: Evolution in the Mud. Krieger Publishing, Malabar, Florida, 249 pp.
  • Peters, W. 1871. Uber neue Reptilien aus Ostafrika und Sarawak (Borneo), vorzüglich aus der Sammlung des Hrn. Marquis J. Doria zu Genua. Mber. k. preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berlin [1871]: 566-581 - get paper here
  • Smedley, N. 1931. Notes on some Malaysian snakes. Bull. Raffles Mus. No 5: 49-54 - get paper here
  • Stuebing, R.B., Inger, R.F. & Lardner, B. 2014. A field guide to the snakes of Borneo, second edition. Natural history Publications (Borneo)
  • Syafiq MF, Badli-Sham BH, Grismer LL, Ahmad AB 2023. Uneven species occurrence and richness of lowland snakes (Serpentes, Squamata) in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, with new locality records. ZooKeys 1168: 11–39
  • TEYNIÉ, ALEXANDRE; PATRICK DAVID, & ANNEMARIE OHLER 2010. Note on a collection of Amphibians and Reptiles from Western Sumatra (Indonesia), with the description of a new species of the genus Bufo. Zootaxa 2416: 1–43 - get paper here
  • Tweedie,M.W.F. 1940. Notes on Malayan reptiles. Bull. Raffles Mus., Singapore 16: 83-87
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Werner, F. 1900. Reptilien und Batrachier aus Sumatra, gesammelt Herrn. Gustav Schneider jr., im Jahre 1897-1898. Zool. Jahrb. (syst) 13: 479-508 - get paper here
 
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