Pituophis insulanus KLAUBER, 1946

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Higher Taxa	Colubridae, Colubrinae, Lampropeltini, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Cedros Island Gopher Snake S: Cincuate de Isla Cedros
Synonym	Pituophis catenifer insulanus KLAUBER 1946: 11 Pituophis catenifer insulanus — SMITH & TAYLOR 1950: 323 Pituophis catenifer insulanus — LINER & CASAS-ANDREU 2008 Pituophis insulanus — GRISMER 2001 Pituophis insulanus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 561 Pituophis vertebralis insulanus — HEIMES 2016: 135 Pituophis insulanus — JOHNSON et al. 2017
Distribution	Mexico (Baja California: Cedros Island) Type locality: “Cedros (Cerros) Island off the west coast of Baja California"
Reproduction	oviparous
Types	Holotype: CAS 56353
Diagnosis	Diagnosis. “A subspecies nearest to P. c. bimaris, from which it differs in having more than 50 body blotches while bimaris has less than this number. From vertebralis and affinis it may be segregated by its black anterior blotches, while they have brown or red. Insulanus has a shorter tail and fewer dorsal blotches than annectens; is darker than catenifer, and has more ventral scales; lacks the subocular scales of coronalis; and is without the paired subcaudal dark stripes of fuliginatus. It differs from deserticola in pattern, and from say in having a flatter and less protruding rostral.” (Klauber 1946: 11)
Comment	Subspecies: Some authors recognize Pituophis melanoleucus annectens (e.g. http://elib.cs.berkeley.edu/photos/fauna/cas-herp.html). COLLINS (1997) doesn’t recognize the subspecies bimaris, coronalis, fulginatus, insulanus, vertebralis but LINER (1994) does. See also P. catenifer. Synonymy: Heimes 2016: 134 lists Pituophis catenifer insulanus as a synonym of P. vertebralis.
Etymology	From the Latin īnsulānus meaning an islander.
References	Araújo, Márcio S.; Martins, Marcio 2006. Defensive behaviour in pit vipers of the genus Bothrops (Serpentes, Viperidae). The Herpetological Journal 16: 297-303 - get paper here Grismer, L. L. 2001. Comments on the Taxonomy of Gopher Snakes from Baja California, Mexico: A Reply to Rodriguez-Robles and de Jestis-Escobar. Herpetological Review 32 (2): 81-83 - get paper here Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp Johnson, J. D., L. D. Wilson, V. Mata-Silva, E. García-Padilla, and D. L. DeSantis. 2017. The endemic herpetofauna of Mexico: organisms of global significance in severe peril. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(3): 544–620 - get paper here Klauber, Laurence M. 1946. The gopher snakes of Baja California, with descriptions of new subspecies of Pituophis catenifer. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 11 (1): 1-40 + 2 plates - get paper here Liner, Ernest A., and Gustavo Casas-Andreu. 2008. Standard Spanish, English and Scientific Names of the Amphibians and Reptiles of Mexico. Herpetological Circular 38: 167 p. Peralta-García A, Valdez-Villavicencio JH, Fucsko LA, Hollingsworth BD, Johnson JD, Mata-Silva V, Rocha A, DeSantis DL, Porras LW, and Wilson LD. 2023. The herpetofauna of the Baja California Peninsula and its adjacent islands, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 17(1&2): 57–142 Smith, Hobart M. & Taylor, Edward H. 1950. Type localities of Mexican reptiles and amphibians. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 33 (8): 313-380 - get paper here Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
External links	IUCN Red List Google images

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