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Pituophis vertebralis (BLAINVILLE, 1835)

IUCN Red List - Pituophis vertebralis - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Lampropeltini, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Cape Gopher Snake
S: Cincuate de San Lucas 
SynonymColuber vertebralis BLAINVILLE 1835: 293
Rhinechis vertebralis — DUMÉRIL 1853: 453
Pituophis vertebralis — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1854: 258
Pityophis haematois COPE 1860
Pituophis catenifer vertebralis — GARMAN 1884: 27
Coluber catenifer var. vertebralis — MOCQUARD 1899: 320
Pituophis vertebralis — STULL 1940
Pituophis catenifer vertebralis — KLAUBER 1946: 22
Pituophis catenifer bimaris KLAUBER 1946: 7
Pituophis melanoleucus bimaris — MURPHY & OTTLEY 1984
Pituophis melanoleucus bimaris — STEBBINS 1985: 190
Pituophis vertebralis — GRISMER 1994
Pituophis vertebralis — GRISMER 1997
Pituophis vertebralis bimaris — LOVICH et al. 2008: 28
Pituophis vertebralis — PYRON & BURBRINK 2009
Pituophis catenifer bimaris — HIRSCHKORN & SKUBOWIUS 2011: 99
Pituophis catenifer vertebralis — HIRSCHKORN & SKUBOWIUS 2011
Pituophis vertebralis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 562 
DistributionMexico (Baja California)

Type locality: “California”

bimaris: Baja California; Type locality: “Santa Gertrudis, near El Arco (Lat. 28°N), Baja California, Mexico”  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: MNHN-RA 0063, a 530 mm specimen (P.E. Botta, 1827-1829)
Syntype: USNM 4682 [Pityophis haematois] 
Diagnosis 
CommentSynonymy: Not listed as valid species by CNAH (2011).

Distribution: see map in HIRSCHKORN & SKUBOWIUS 2011: 131. 
EtymologyFrom the Latin vertebrālis meaning vertebral In reference to its vertebral rows of scales strongly keeled. 
References
  • Blainville, Henri Marie Ducrotay de 1835. Description de quelques espèces de reptiles de la Californie précédée de l’analyse d’un système général d’erpétologie et d’amphibiologie. Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 4: 233-296 - get paper here
  • Duméril, A.M.C., and G. Bibron. 1835. Erpétologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complète des Reptiles, Vol. 2. Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris, iv + 680 p. - get paper here
  • Duméril, A.M.C., G. BIBRON & A.H.A. DUMÉRIL 1854. Erpétologie générale ou Histoire Naturelle complète des Reptiles. Vol. 7 (partie 1). Paris, xvi + 780 S. - get paper here
  • Duméril, ANDRÉ MARIE CONSTANT 1853. Prodrome de la classifcation des reptiles ophidiens. Mém. Acad. Sci., Paris, 23: 399-536 - get paper here
  • Grismer, L. Lee 1997. The distribution of Pituophis melanoleucus and P. vertebralis in northern Baja California, Mexico. Herpetological Review 28 (2): 68-70 - get paper here
  • Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp
  • Hirschkorn, D. & Skubowius, B. 2011. Bullennattern, Gophernattern, Kiefernnattern - Die Gattung Pituophis. Natur und Tier-Verlag (NTV), Münster, 176 pp. [review in Reptilia 16 (91): 85] - get paper here
  • Klauber, Laurence M. 1946. A new gopher snake (Pituophis) from Santa Cruz Island, California. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 11 (2): 41-48 - get paper here
  • Klauber, Laurence M. 1946. The gopher snakes of Baja California, with descriptions of new subspecies of Pituophis catenifer. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 11 (1): 1-40 + 2 plates - get paper here
  • Lovich, K.; Mahrdt, C.R. & Beaman, K.R 2008. A Curator and His Rattlesnakes: The History of Laurence Monroe Klauber at the San Diego Zoo. In: Hayes et al. (eds), The biology of rattlesnakes. Loma Linda University Press, pp. 25-38
  • Mocquard, M.F. 1899. Contribution a la faune herpétologique de la Basse-Californie. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Natur.Paris, 4th Series, Vol. 1: 297-343 + plates XI-XIII - get paper here
  • Murphy, R. W.; Ottley, J. R. 1984. Distribution of amphibians and reptiles on islands in the Gulf of California. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 53 (8): 207-230 - get paper here
  • Peralta-García A, Valdez-Villavicencio JH, Fucsko LA, Hollingsworth BD, Johnson JD, Mata-Silva V, Rocha A, DeSantis DL, Porras LW, and Wilson LD. 2023. The herpetofauna of the Baja California Peninsula and its adjacent islands, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 17(1&2): 57–142
  • Pyron, R.Alexander; Frank T. Burbrink 2009. Neogene diversification and taxonomic stability in the snake tribe Lampropeltini (Serpentes: Colubridae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 52 (2): 524-529 - get paper here
  • Stull, Olive Griffith 1940. Variations and relationships in the snakes of the genus Pituophis. Bull. US Natl. Mus. (175): 1-225 - get paper here
  • Van Denburgh,J. 1895. A review of the herpetology of Lower California. Part I - Reptiles. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (2) 5: 77-163 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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