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Plestiodon tetragrammus BAIRD, 1859

IUCN Red List - Plestiodon tetragrammus - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaScincidae, Scincinae, Scincoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards) 
SubspeciesPlestiodon tetragrammus brevilineatus (COPE 1880)
Plestiodon tetragrammus tetragrammus BAIRD 1859 
Common NamesFour-lined Skink
brevilineatus: Short-lined Skink
tetragrammus: Four-lined Skink 
SynonymPlestiodon tetragrammus BAIRD 1859: 256
Eumeces tetragrammus — COPE 1875: 45
Eumeces tetragrammus var. funebrosus COPE 1900: 661
Eumeces tetragrammus — TAYLOR 1936: 298
Eumeces tetragrammus — SMITH & TAYLOR 1950: 165
Eumeces tetragrammus tetragrammus — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 132
Eumeces tetragrammus — LINER 1994
Plestiodon tetragrammus — SCHMITZ et al. 2004

Eumeces tetragrammus brevilineatus COPE 1880
Eumeces brevilineatus COPE 1880: 18
Eumeces brevilineatus — TAYLOR 1936: 283
Eumeces brevilineatus — AXTELL 1939
Eumeces brevilineatus — TAYLOR 1943: 274
Eumeces brevilineatus — SMITH & TAYLOR 1950: 164
Eumeces tetragrammus brevilineatus — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 132
Plestiodon tetragrammus brevilineatus — COLLINS & TAGGART 2009 
DistributionUSA (Texas, Arizona [HR 30: 52]),
Mexico (Sonora, Chihuahua, Sinaloa, W/S Durango, S Zacatecas, NE Coahuila, N Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, Quéretaro, Guanajuato, Hidalgo)

brevilineatus: USA (Texas), Mexico (Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon), USA (S Texas). Type locality: Helotes, Bexar County, Texas.

tetragrammus: Mexico (Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Veracruz, Nuevo Leon). USA (Texas). Type locality: “Lower Rio Grande”. Later indicated as “Matamoras, Mex.” by BAIRD (fide SMITH & TAYLOR 1950).  
Reproductionoviparous. 
TypesLectotype: USNM 10159 (brevilineatus; designated by TAYLOR 1936)
Holotype: USNM 3124; Syntype: UIMNH 40741 [tetragrammus]
Lectotype: USNM 10159, designated by Taylor 1936, one of four cotypes; G. W. Marnock collector. [brevilineatus] 
Diagnosis 
CommentDistribution: Mesa de la Estacada, 4.3 km S, 8.5 km W Mineral El Realito (21º 33’ 43’’ N, 100º 18’ 59’’W; 1360 msnm), municipality of San Luis de la Paz, Guanajuato, México [Campos-Rodríguez et al. 2009]. Not in Sonora according to Enderson et al. 2009.

Genetics: P. multivirgatus acquired its mitochondrial genome from P. tetragrammus after their initial divergence (Moseley et al. 2015). 
EtymologyAccording to Lieb (1990) and Lemos-Espinal and Smith (2007), the specific name was derived from the Greek words tetra, meaning "four" and gramme meaning "line," in reference to the four dorsal stripes (Lemos-Espinal & Dixon 2013). 
References
  • Axtell, Ralph W. 1939. AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF THE BLACK GAP WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AREA, BREWSTER COUNTY, TEXAS. Southwestern Naturalist 4 (2): 88-109
  • Baird,S.F. 1859. Description of new genera and species of North American lizards in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 10: 253-256 [1858] - get paper here
  • Bartlett, R. D. & Bartlett, P. 1999. A Field Guide to Texas Reptiles and Amphibians. Gulf Publishing Co., Houston, Texas, 331 pp.
  • Blackburn, D.G. 1993. STANDARDIZED CRITERIA FOR THE RECOGNITION OF REPRODUCTIVE MODES IN SQUAMATE REPTILES. Herpetologica 49 (1): 118-132 - get paper here
  • BRANDLEY, MATTHEW C.; OTA, HIDETOSHI; HIKIDA, TSUTOMU; NIETO MONTES DE OCA, ADRIAN; FERIA-ORTIZ, MANUEL; GUO, XIANGUANG; WANG, YUEZHAO 2012. The phylogenetic systematics of blue-tailed skinks (Plestiodon) and the family Scincidae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 165 (1): 163-189 - get paper here
  • Campos-Rodríguez, J. I., C. Elizalde-Arellano, J. C. López-Vidal, G. F. Aguilar-Martínez, S. N. Ramos-Reyes y R. Hernández-Arciga 2009. Nuevos registros de anfibios y reptiles para Guanajuato, procedentes de la Reserva de la Biosfera “Sierra Gorda de Guanajuato” y zonas adyacentes. Acta Zoológica Mexicana (n. s.) 25 (2): 269-282 - get paper here
  • Conant,R. & Collins,J.T. 1991. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern/Central North America, 3rd ed. Houghton Mifflin (Boston/New York), xx + 450 p.
  • Cope, E.D. 1875. Check-list of North American Batrachia and Reptilia with a systematic list of the higher groups, and an essay on geographical distribution based on specimens contained in the U.S. National Museum. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 1: 1-104 - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1880. On the zoological position of Texas. Bull. US Natl. Mus., No. 17: 1-51 - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1900. The crocodilians, lizards and snakes of North America. Ann. Rep. U.S. Natl. Mus. 1898: 153-1270 - get paper here
  • Crother, B. I. (ed.) 2012. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Seventh Edition. Herpetological Circular 39: 1-92
  • Davis DR, LaDuc TJ 2018. Amphibians and reptiles of C. E. Miller Ranch and the Sierra Vieja, Chihuahuan Desert, Texas, USA ZooKeys 735: 97-130 - get paper here
  • Degenhardt, William G.; C. W. Painter, and A. H. Price 1996. Amphibians and reptiles of New Mexico. Univ. New Mexico Press, 431 pp.
  • Dixon, James R. 2000. Amphibians and reptiles of Texas, second edition. Texas A&M University Press, 421 pp.
  • Dixon, James R. and Julio A. Lemos-Espinal 2010. Amphibians and reptiles of the state of Queretaro, Mexico. Tlalnepantla UNAM, 428 pp.
  • Flores-Hernández, M. Á., and L. Fernández-Badillo. 2017. Plestiodon tetragrammus (Baird, 1858). Mexico, Hidalgo. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(4): 958–959 - get paper here
  • Goldberg, S.R. 2015. Reproduction of the Four-lined Skink, Plestiodon tetragrammus (Squamata: Scincidae) from Texas. Sonoran Herpetologist 28 (2):18-19. - get paper here
  • Holycross, Andrew;Fedorko, Brian 1999. Geographic distribution. Eumeces tetragrammus. Herpetological Review 30 (1): 52 - get paper here
  • Jones, L.L. & Lovich, R.E. 2009. Lizards of the American Southwest. A photographic field guide. Rio Nuevo Publishers, Tucson, AZ, 568 pp. [review in Reptilia 86: 84] - get paper here
  • Kingman, R. H. 1932. A comparative study of the skull in the genus Eumeces of the family Scincidae. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 20 (15): 273-295 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal, Julio A. and James R. Dixon 2013. Amphibians and Reptiles of San Luis Potosí. Eagle Mountain Publishing, xii + 300 pp.
  • Lemos-Espinal, Julio A., Geoffrey R. Smith 2015. Amphibians and reptiles of the state of Hidalgo, Mexico. Check List 11 (3): 1642 - get paper here
  • Leyte-Manrique, Adrian; Efrén M. Hernández Navarro y Luis A. Escobedo-Morales 2015. Herpetofauna de Guanajuato: Un análisis histórico y contemporáneo de su conocimiento Revista Mexicana de Herpetología 1(1): 1–14 - get paper here
  • Lieb C S 1990. Eumeces tetragrammus (Baird). Four-lined skink. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 492: 1-4 - get paper here
  • Lieb, Carl S. 1985. Systematics and distribution of the skinks allied to Eumeces tetragrammus (Sauria: Scincidae). Contributions in Science Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles (357): 1-19 - get paper here
  • Martin, Plul S. 1958. A biogeography of reptiles and amphibians in the Gomez Farias Region, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Miscellaneous publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan (101): 1-102 + 7 plates - get paper here
  • Moseley, Matthew A.; Christian L. Cox, Jeffrey W. Streicher, Corey E. Roelke and Paul T. Chippindale 2015. Phylogeography and lineage-specific patterns of genetic diversity and molecular evolution in a group of North American skinks Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, DOI: 10.1111/bij.12626 - get paper here
  • Schmitz, Andreas; Patrick Mausfeld and Dirk Embert 2004. Molecular studies on the genus Eumeces Wiegmann, 1834: phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic implications. Hamadryad 28 (1-2): 73 – 89 - get paper here
  • Taylor, E. H. 1936. A taxonomic study of the cosmopolitan lizards of the genus Eumeces with an account of the distribution and relationship of its species. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 23 (14): 1-643 [1935] - get paper here
  • Taylor, E. H. 1943. Mexican lizards of the genus Eumeces, with comments on the recent literature on the genus. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 29 (5): 269-300 - get paper here
  • Terán-Juárez, Sergio A., Elí García Padilla, Vicente Mata-Silva, Jerry D. Johnson and Larry David Wilson. 2016. The herpetofauna of Tamaulipas, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3 (1): 43–113 - get paper here
  • Zweifel, Richard G. 1958. The lizard Eumeces tetragrammus in Coahuila, Mexico. Herpetologica 14: 175 - get paper here
 
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