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Psammodynastes pulverulentus (BOIE, 1827)

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Higher TaxaPseudaspididae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesPsammodynastes pulverulentus papenfussi ZHAO 1995
Psammodynastes pulverulentus pulverulentus (BOIE 1827) 
Common NamesE: Common Mock Viper
G: Gewöhnliche Scheinviper, Gewöhnliche Falschviper
Chinese: 紫沙蛇 
SynonymPsammophis pulverulenta H. BOIE in F. BOIE 1827: 547
Dipsas ferruginea CANTOR 1839: 53
Psammophis pulverulentus — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1854: 895
Dipsas ferruginea — BLYTH 1856: 715
Psammodynastes pulverulentus — GÜNTHER 1858: 140
Psammophis floresianus BLEEKER 1859 (nomen nudum)
Psammophis floresianus — BLEEKER 1860
Lycodon bairdii STEINDACHNER 1867: 90
Psammodynastes pulverulentus — BOULENGER 1896: 172
Psammodynastes pulverulentus — SMITH 1943
Anisodon lilljeborgi ROSEN 1905
Psammodynastes pulverulentus — STEJNEGER 1907: 383
Psammodynastes pulverulentus — TAYLOR 1965: 895
Psammodynastes pulverulentus — MANTHEY & GROSSMANN 1997: 379
Psammodynastes pulverulentus — COX et al. 1998: 49
Psammodynastes pulverulentus — ZIEGLER 2002: 248
Psamodynastes pulverulentus pulverulentus — ZHAO 2006
Psamodynastes pulverulentus — DAS et al. 2009 (in error)
Psammodynastes pulverulentus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 585
Psammodynastes pulverulentus pulverulentus — KOCH 2012
Psamodynastes pulverulentus — KADAFI et al. 2020 (in error)
Psaminodynastes pulverulentus — TENZIN et al 2022 (in error)

Psammodynastes pulverulentus papenfussi ZHAO 1995
Psammodynastes pulverulentus papenfussi — RODRIGUEZ-ROBLES et al. 2003
Psammodynastes pulverulentus papenfussi — ZHAO 2006 
DistributionBangladesh, Burma (Myanmar), Cambodia, China (Fujian, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan), Hong Kong
NE India (Assam, Mizoram, Sikkim, Darjelling; Arunachal Pradesh [A. Captain, pers. comm.], Andhra Pradesh), Bhutan,
Indonesia (Bali, Bangka, Borneo, Butung, Enggano, Flores, Java, Kalimantan, Komodo, Lombok, Mentawai Archipelago, Natuna Archipelago, Padar, Riau Archipelago, Rinca, Sangihe Archipelago, Sulawesi, Sula Archipelago, Sumatra, Sumba, Sumbawa, Togian Archipelago),
Laos (Vientiane, Attapu, Champasak, Khammouan, Louangphrabang, Savannakhét, Xiangkhoang), Nepal, Bhutan,
Philippines (Balabac, Basilan, Bohol, Bongao, Busuanga, Dinagat, Jolo, Leyte, Luzon, Cebu, Mindanao, Negros, Palawan, Panay, Polillo, Samar)
Taiwan (incl. Lanyu),
Thailand (incl. Phuket), Vietnam (Hoa Binh),
Malaysia (Malaya and East Malaysia, Pulau Tioman)

Type locality: Java

papenfussi: Taiwan. Type locality: Kararu (= Kueitzuchiao), Koshun District (= Henchun Twon), Takao-Shu Province (now Pintung Hsien), Taiwan, elevation 150 m.  
Reproductionovovivparous; see Miller & Zug 2016 for details. 
TypesHolotype: unknown (fide NGUYEN et al. 2009)
Holotype: MVZ 23857 [papenfussi] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Taylor 1965: 895 
CommentDescription: Fairly variable species in various shades of brown with speckles.

Behavior: diurnal.

Taxonomy: this genus and species has been assigned to Lamprophiidae, incertae sedis, by Pyron et al. 2011. The phylogenetic position of Psammodynastes remains contentious. While it has been assigned to Lamprophiidae, recent studies (e.g. by Zaher et al. 2019) do not support that affiliation.

Distribution: See map in Miller & Zug 2016, Rasmussen 1975.

Diet: frogs, lizards (especially skinks, Limnonectes, Miller & Zug 2016)

Type species: Psammophis pulverulenta H. BOIE in F. BOIE 1827: 547 is the type species of the genus Psammodynastes GÜNTHER 1858. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin “pulverulentus” = “dusty”, probably after the the brown-powdered ventral side of the species. 
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