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Psammophis indochinensis SMITH, 1943

IUCN Red List - Psammophis indochinensis - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaPsammophiidae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymPsammophis condanarus indochinensis SMITH 1943: 364
Psammophis condanarus indochinensis — MERTENS 1957
Psammophis condanarus indochinensis — TAYLOR 1965: 898
Psammophis condanarus indochinensis — COX et al. 1998: 56
Psammophis indochinensis — HUGHES 1999
Psammophis indochinensis — PAUWELS et al. 2003
Psammophis condanarus indochinensis — ORLOV et al. 2003
Psammophis indochinensis — DAVID et al. 2004
Psammophis condanarus indochinensis — COTTONE & BAUER 2009
Psammophis indochinensis — NGUYEN et al. 2009
Psammophis indochinensis — INEICH & DEUVE 2011
Taphrometopon indochinensis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 695 
DistributionThailand, Myanmar (Burma), Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, Indonesia (Java, Bali)

Type locality: "in Indo-China south of lat. 21°); Taungyi, Pegu (Burma), Lopburi, Bangkok (Thailand), Phan-rang (Annam)” (fide TAYLOR 1965: 898)  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesSyntypes: BMNH 1868.4.3.26-29, BMNH 1914.5.11.9-10, and BMNH 1969.1920-22 (M.A. Smith). 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: “Diagnosis: A slender snake reaching a meter in length. Scales in 17 rows at middle of body; a pair of enlarged grooved teeth at posterior end of maxilla; anal divided; anterior end of frontal not twice as broad as middle; nasal incompletely divided. Frontal longer than its distance from end of snout. Four stripes, median absent; a dorsolateral stripe on the sixth, seventh, and eighth rows. 
CommentPAUWELS et al. (2003) state that P. c. condanarus and P. s. indochinensis can be distinguished by their microdermatoglyphic patterns which is said to be “echinate” in condanarus but “canaliculate” in indochinensis (based on F. Brandstätter’s PhD thesis of 1995).

Distribution: see map in HARTMANN et al. 2011. 
EtymologyNamed after the type locality. 
References
  • Chan-ard, T., Parr, J.W.K. & Nabhitabhata, J. 2015. A field guide to the reptiles of Thailand. Oxford University Press, NY, 352 pp. [see book reviews by Pauwels & Grismer 2015 and Hikida 2015 for corrections] - get paper here
  • CHEN, M., LIU, J., CAI, B., LI, J., WU, N., & GUO, X. 2021. A new species of Psammophis (Serpentes: Psammophiidae) from the Turpan Basin in northwest China. Zootaxa 4974 (1): 116-134 - get paper here
  • Cottone, Amanda M. and Aaron M. Bauer 2009. Notes on sexual size dimorphism and reproduction in the Asian Sand Snake, Psammophis condanarus (Psammophiidae). Hamadryad 34 (1): 182-185 - get paper here
  • Cox, Merel J.; Van Dijk, Peter Paul; Jarujin Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt,Kumthorn 1998. A Photographic Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. Ralph Curtis Publishing, 144 pp.
  • Das, I. 2012. A Naturalist's Guide to the Snakes of South-East Asia: Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Myanmar, Borneo, Sumatra, Java and Bali. Oxford J, ohn Beaufoy Publishing - get paper here
  • DAVID, Patrick; MEREL J. COX, OLIVIER S. G. PAUWELS, LAWAN CHANHOME AND KUMTHORN THIRAKHUPT 2004. Book Review - When a bookreview is not sufficient to say all: an in-depth analysis of a recent book on the snakes of Thailand, with an updated checklist of the snakes of the Kingdom. The Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University 4(1): 47-80 - get paper here
  • Hartmann, T., Handschuh, M. and W. Böhme. 2011. First record of Psammophis indochinensis Smith, 1943 from Cambodia, within the context of a distributional species account. Cambodian Journal of Natural History 2011 (1): 7-10 - get paper here
  • Hughes, B. 1999. Critical review of a revision of Psammophis (Linnaeus 1758) (Serpentes, Reptilia) by Frank Brandstätter. African Journal of Herpetology 48 (1-2): 63-70 - get paper here
  • Ineich, I. & Deuve, J. 1990. Psammophis condanarus. Herpetological Review, 21: 23
  • Kurniawan N, Septiadi L, Fathoni M, Wibawa GS, Thammachoti P 2021. Out of Indochina: confirmed specimen record and first molecular identification of Psammophis indochinensis Smith, 1943 (Squamata, Psamophiidae) from Bali of Indonesia. Check List 17(6): 1521-1531 - get paper here
  • Lang, Ruud de 2017. The Snakes of Java, Bali and Surrounding Islands. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 435 pp. - get paper here
  • Mertens, R. 1957. Zur Herpetofauna von Ostjava und Bali. Senckenbergiana biologica 38: 23-31
  • Nguyen, S.V., Ho, C.T. and Nguyen, T.Q. 2009. Herpetofauna of Vietnam. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 768 pp.
  • Orlov, N. L., S. A. Ryabov, N. Van Sang and N. Q. Truong 2003. New records and data on the poorly known snakes of Vietnam. Russ. J. Herpetol. 10: 217-240 - get paper here
  • Pauwels, O.S.G.; David, P.; Chimsunchart, C. & Thirakhupt, K. 2003. Reptiles of Phetchaburi Province, Western Thailand: a list of species, with natural history notes, and a discussion on the biogeography at the Isthmus of Kra. Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University 3 (1): 23-53 - get paper here
  • Septiadi, L., A.T. Prasetya, H.A. Arisprijadi & M. Fathoni 2022. Additional photographic record of Indo-Chinese Sand Snake in Baluran National Park, Java. Reptile Rap #225, In: Zoo’s Print 37(9): 01–02 - get paper here
  • Smith, M.A. 1943. The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. 3 (Serpentes). Taylor and Francis, London. 583 pp.
  • Steehouder, A.M. 1986. Possible external differences of sex in Psammophis subtaeniatus sudanensis. Litteratura Serpentium 6 (4): 127-130 - get paper here
  • Steehouder, A.M. (Ton) 1992. Remarkable tail loss in Psammophis subtaeniatus sudanensis. Litteratura Serpentium 12 (3): 50-51 - get paper here
  • Taylor,E.H. 1965. The serpents of Thailand and adjacent waters. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 45 (9): 609-1096 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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