Sonora mosaueri STICKEL, 1938

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Higher Taxa	Colubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Mosauer’s Ground Snake
Synonym	Sonora mosaueri STICKEL 1938: 189 Sonora mosaueri — SMITH & TAYLOR 1945 Sonora mosaueri — CLIFF 1954 Sonora semiannulata — FROST 1983: 35 Sonora (Procinura) mosaueri — COX et al. 2018: 982
Distribution	Mexico (Baja California Sur) Type locality: Comondu, Baja California Sur (Mexico)
Reproduction	oviparous.
Types	Holotype: MVZ 13772 (male); paratypes: MVZ
Diagnosis	Diagnosis: This species is distinct from Sonora cincta, S. fasciata, S. straminea, S. aemula, S. annulata, S. occipitalis and S. palarostris by the lack of rostral or caudal adaptations. There are no clear morphological differences between S. mosaueri and S. semiannualata, whose geographic ranges may overlap in the northern state of Baja California. This lack of meristic characters distinguishing the various species and subspecies of the S. semiannulata species group is what led Frost (1983a) to synonymize all of these nomen with S. semiannulata. However, we found substantial molecular evidence that material formerly assigned to S. semiannulata from the southern half of the Baja California Peninsula is not even nested with S. semiannulata from the USA and northern mainland Mexico, but is instead sister to S. aemula. We recommend that geographic range be used to distinguish S. mosaueri from S. semiannulata (Cox et al. 2018: 982).
Comment	All species of Sonora possess colour pattern polymorphism, with uniform, striped, banded, bicolour and tricolour morphs known for the different species. Synonymy: Sonora mosaueri has been considered a synonym of Sonora semiannulata until Cox et al. 2018 revalidated it. Distribution: see map in Cox et al. 2018: 980 (Fig. 7).
Etymology	The specific epithet is a patronimic after Dr. Walter Mosauer, whose work on desert reptiles and the musculature of snakes greatly increased knowledge of reptilian ecology.
References	Cliff, Frank S. 1954. Snakes of the islands in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 12 (5): 67-98 - get paper here Cox, Christian L.; Alison R. Davis Rabosky, Iris A. Holmes, Jacobo Reyes-Velasco, Corey E. Roelke, Eric N. Smith, Oscar Flores-Villela, Jimmy A. McGuire & Jonathan A. Campbell 2018. Synopsis and taxonomic revision of three genera in the snake tribe Sonorini. Journal of Natural History 52: 945-988 - get paper here Frost D R 1983. Sonora semiannulata Baird and Girard. Ground snake. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles ( 333: 1-4 - get paper here Frost, D. R. 1983. The relationships of the ground snakes (genus Sonora) in Baja California, Mexico. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 86: 31-37. - get paper here Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp Navarro-Tiznado, Edith Andrea; Norma Selene González Gutiérrez, Biologa, Jorge Heriberto Valdez Villavicencio, Biologo 2020. SONORA MOSAUERI (SQUAMATA: COLUBRIDAE). Rev. Latinoamer. Herp. 3 (1): 127 - get paper here Peralta-García A, Valdez-Villavicencio JH, Fucsko LA, Hollingsworth BD, Johnson JD, Mata-Silva V, Rocha A, DeSantis DL, Porras LW, and Wilson LD. 2023. The herpetofauna of the Baja California Peninsula and its adjacent islands, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 17(1&2): 57–142 Stickel, William H. 1938. The snakes of the genus Sonora in the United States and Lower California. Copeia 1938 (4): 182-190 - get paper here
External links	Google images

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