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Spilotes pullatus (LINNAEUS, 1758)

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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Tropical Chicken Snake, Chicken Snake, Yellow Rat Snake
G: Hühnerfresser
S: Voladora Mico
Portuguese: Araboia, Cainana, Cainana-Flor-de-Algodão, Cainana-Teiú, Caninana, Cobra-Tigre, Cobra-Voadora, Jacaninã, Malha-de-Teiú, Papa-Ovo, Papa-Pinto, Yacaninã 
SynonymColuber pullatas [sic] LINNAEUS 1758: 225
Cerastes coronatus LAURENTI 1768: 83
Cerates mexicanus LAURENTI 1768: 83
Coluber novae Hispaniae GMELIN 1789: 1088 (unavailable, not binomial)
Coluber variabilis MERREM 1790: 40 (fide BOULENGER 1894: 23)
Coluber plutonius DAUDIN 1803: 324
Coluber (Natrix) Caninana MERREM 1820: 121
Coluber variabilis Kuhlii WIED 1825: 271
Spilotes pullatus — WAGLER 1830
Spilotes variabilis — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1854: 220
Spilotes pullatus auribundus COPE 1861: 300
Spilotes salvini GÜNTHER 1862: 125
Herpetodryas incertus JAN 1863: 81
Spilotes variabilis — GARMAN 1884: 49
Spilotes auribundus — GARMAN 1884: 50
Spilotes variabilis — BOULENGER 1886: 433
Spilotes pullatus var. anomalepis BOCOURT 1888: 685
Spilotes pullatus — BOULENGER 1894: 33
Spilotes pullatus — BOULENGER 1894: 23
Spilotes salvini — GÜNTHER 1894 (fide VILLA et al. 1988)
Coluber novae-hispaniae BOULENGER 1894: 33
Spilotes microlepis WERNER 1903: 346
Spilotes microlepis — WERNER 1910: 277
Spilotes pullatus — AMARAL 1925
Spilotes pullatus maculatus AMARAL 1929: 289
Spilotes pullatus anomalepis — AMARAL 1929: 284
Spilotes pullatus mexicanus — AMARAL 1929: 282
Spilotes pullatus mexicanus — SCHMIDT & ANDREWS 1936
Spilotes pullatus pullatus — BEEBE 1946: 42
Spilotes pullatus mexicanus — TAYLOR 1949: 200
Spilotes pullatus mexicanus — MERTENS 1952: 73
Spilotes pullatus mexicanus — NEILL & ALLEN 1959
Spilotes pullatus mexicanus — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 284
Spilotes pullatus pullatus — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 283
Spilotes pullatus anomalepis — ABE & FERNANDES 1977
Spillotes pullatus pullatus — HOGE 1978 (in error)
Spilotes pullatus pullatus — GASC & RODRIGUES 1980
Spilotes pullatus pullatus — CEI 1993
Spilotes pullatus pullatus — GORZULA & SEÑARIS 1999
Spilotes pullatus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 684
Spilotes pullatus — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019 
DistributionS Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Tamaulipas, Quéretaro, Campeche , Yucatan, Quintana Roo etc.), Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica,
Panama, Trinidad, Tobago, Isla Margarita,
Colombia (incl. Valle del Cauca), Venezuela (Merida [HR 31: 57]), Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, Goias, Pará, Sergipe, S Ceará, Piauí, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo, Pernambuco, Paraíba), Ecuador, Peru, Argentina (Misiones, Chaco, Formosa, Salta),
Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Paraguay (fide Paul Smith, pers. comm., 27 Apr 2014)

anomalepis: Brazil (Bahia, Rio Grande de Sul)

argusiformis: Honduras

auribundus: Mexico (Veracruz); Type locality: Mirador, Veracruz, Mexico.

mexicanus: Mexico (San Luis Potosí, Veracruz, Tamaulipas, Hidalgo [HR 32: 280])

Type locality: “Asia” (fide LINNAEUS 1758; in error)

Type locality: Espírito Santo, Brazil (= Araçatiba, Viana, -40,4892 -20,4622, fide A. Schmidt, pers. comm. 22 Aug 2017) [Coluber variabilis]  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: NRM (also given as RMS)
Syntypes: ANSP 3923, USNM 25004-25006, Mexico, Mirador [auribundus]
Syntypes: ZSM 1677/0, 1 specimen; ZSM 1678/0 (lost), 1 specimen (head and anterior portion of body), both “Guatemala”, collected by K. Sapper, 1903 [microlepis] 
Diagnosis 
CommentSynonymy: after CEI 1993 and PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970. Spilotes megalolepis GÜNTHER 1865 has been resurrected from synonymy with S. pullatus by Orces & Almendariz 1989.

Subspecies: The distinction of subspecies has been given up by recent authors (e.g. Wilson & Meyer 1985, Köhler 2008). For instance, Spilotes pullatus maculatus (Fig. 2 in Abe & Fernandes 1977) is indistinguishable from S. p. anomalepis by pholidosis despite being easily characterised by the color pattern (regular subrectangular, transverse spots in S. p. maculatus; while irregular, sometimes broken in S. p. anomalepis). Abe & Fernandes 1977 concluded that maculatus is a morph of anomalepis.

Similar species: (1) Chironius grandisquamis has oblique dorsal scales in 10 rows at midbody. (2) Pseustes poecilonotus has oblique dorsal scale rows in 19 to 25 rows at midbody. (3) Drymarchon corais has smooth dorsal scales in 17 rows at midbody.

Habitat: mostly arboreal, sometimes terrestrial, often close to water; fully arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018) 
EtymologyThe specific epithet is derived from the Latin word pullatus, meaning "clothed in dark garments." 
References
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