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Stenorrhina freminvillei (DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL, 1854)

IUCN Red List - Stenorrhina freminvillei - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Blood Snake, Slaty Grey Snake
G: Skorpionsfresser
S: Alacranera de Freminville 
SynonymStenorhina Freminvillii [sic] DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 868
Microphis quinquelineatus HALLOWELL 1855: 33
Microphis quinquelineatus HALLOWELL 1855: 97
Stenorhina lactea COPE 1861: 303
Stenorhina degenhardtii apiata COPE 1876: 142
Stenorhina fremenvillei [sic] — GARMAN 1884: 85
Stenorhina quinquelineata — GARMAN 1884: 86
Geophis multitorques yucatanicus BARBOUR & COLE 1906: 153
Stenorhina freminvillei apiata — SMITH & TAYLOR 1945: 133
Stenorhina freminvillei lactea — SMITH & TAYLOR 1945: 133
Stenorrhina freminvillii — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 286
Stenorrhina freminvillei — LINER 1994
Stenorrhina freminvillei — LINER 2007
Stenorrhina freminvillei — WALLACH et al. 2014: 688
Stenorrhina freminvillii — SIMÓN-SALVADOR et al. 2016
Stenorrhina freminvillii — TORRES-HERNÁNDEZ et al. 2021
Stenorrhina freminvillii — SUNYER & MARTÍNEZ-FONSECA 2023 
DistributionMexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Campeche, Yucatan, Quintana Roo, Guerrero, Michoacán [HR 32: 280]), Veracruz), Belize ?, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica

Type locality: Mexico  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: MNHN-RA 0816, a 463 mm specimen (captain of the frigate Fréminville).
Syntypes: (2) ANSP 3753-54, Honduras [Microphis quinquelineatus]
Holotype: MCZ 7037 [yucatanicus]
Holotype: USNM 4944 [Stenorhina lactea]
Holotype: USNM 70405 [apiata] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Stenorrhina freminvillii can be distinguished from all other Honduran snakes, except Stenorrhina degenhardtii, in having the internasal fused to the ante­rior section of the nasal. Stenorrhina degenhardtii has a blotched, spotted, or nearly uniformly brown dorsum in adults (versus a lineate dorsal pattern in S. freminvillii) (McCranie 2011: 213; diagnosis may not apply to range outside Honduras). 
CommentSynonymy after PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970.

Behavior: mostly nocturnal

Distribution: not in Panama; reports from Panama are based on misidentifications. Contrary to Peters and Orejas-Miranda (1970) and Villa, Wilson, andJohnson (1988), this species is not known from Panama (Savage 2002). 
EtymologyNamed after Christophe-Paulin de la Poix Chevalier de Freminville (1787-1848) was a naval officer and naturalist. For his tragic life details see Beolens et al. 2011. 
References
  • Aguilar-López JL, Luría-Manzano R, Pineda E, Canseco-Márquez L 2021. Selva Zoque, Mexico: an important Mesoamerican tropical region for reptile species diversity and conservation. ZooKeys 1054: 127-153 - get paper here
  • Barbour, T., and L. J. Cole. 1906. Vertebrata from Yucatan. Reptilia, Amphibia and Pisces. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 50: 146-159 - get paper here
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Campbell, J.A. 1998. Amphibians and reptiles of northern Guatemala, the Yucatán, and Belize. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, xiii + 380 pp. - get paper here
  • Casas-Andreu, G., F.R. Méndez-De la Cruz and X. Aguilar-Miguel. 2004. Anfibios y Reptiles; pp. 375–390, in A.J.M. García-Mendoza, J. Ordoñez and M. Briones-Salas (ed.). Biodiversidad de Oaxaca. Instituto de Biología, UNAM-Fondo Oaxaqueño para la Conservación de la Naturaleza-World Wildlife Fund, México, D. F.
  • Cope, E.D. 1861. Contributions to the ophiology of Lower California, Mexico and Central America. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 13: 292-306 - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1875. On the Batrachia and Reptilia of Costa Rica with notes on the herpetology and ichthyology of Nicaragua and Peru. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia N.S. (2) 8: 93-183 [sometimes said to be published 1876 but see Murphy et al. 2007 for clarification]] - get paper here
  • Duméril, A. M. C., Bibron, G. & DUMÉRIL, A. H. A., 1854. Erpétologie générale ou histoire naturelle complète des reptiles. Tome septième. Deuxième partie, comprenant l'histoire des serpents venimeux. Paris, Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret: i-xii + 781-1536 - get paper here
  • Garman, Samuel 1884. The reptiles and batrachians of North America. Mem. Mus. comp. Zool, Cambridge (Massachusetts), 8 (3): xxxiv + 185 pp. [1883] [CNAH reprint 10] - get paper here
  • González-Sánchez, V. H., J. D. Johnson, E. García-Padilla, V. Mata-Silva, D. L. DeSantis and L. D. Wilson. 2017. The Herpetofauna of the Mexican Yucatan Peninsula: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(2): 264–380 - get paper here
  • Guerra Centeno, Dennis; Héctor Fuentes Rousselin & David Morán Villatoro 2012. Serpientes de Guatemala: Guía para didentificación de especies. Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, 186 pp.
  • Gutiérrez-López, Luis; José Gabriel Martínez-Fonseca, and Javier Sunyer 2015. Stenorrhina freminvillii (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854). Reproduction. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (4): 530 - get paper here
  • Hallowell, E. 1855. Contributions to South American Herpetology. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadephia (2) 3: 33-36 - get paper here
  • Hallowell,E. 1855. On a genus and species of serpent from Honduras, presumed ot be new. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 7 [1854]: 97 - get paper here
  • Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp
  • Hernández-Ruz, Emil José 2005. Geographic Distribution: Stenorrhina freminvillei (Slaty Grey Snake). Herpetological Review 36 (2):204. - get paper here
  • Johnson, Jerry D.; Vicente Mata-Silva, Elí García Padilla, and Larry David Wilson 2015. The Herpetofauna of Chiapas, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (3): 272–329. - get paper here
  • Juárez-Peña, Carlos, Ángel Sosa Bartuano and Silvia Sigüenza-Mejia. 2016. New herpetofaunal records for Parque Nacional Montecristo, El Salvador. El Salvador, Santa Ana. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3(4): 1107–1113 - get paper here
  • Köhler, G. 2008. Reptiles of Central America. 2nd Ed. Herpeton-Verlag, 400 pp.
  • Köhler, G., J. R. Cedeño-Vázquez, E. D. Kraus, P. M. Beutelspacher-García, and J. A. Domínguez-Lepe. 2017. The Chetumal Snake Census: generating biological data from road-killed snakes. Part 5. Imantodes tenuissimus, Lampropeltis triangulum, and Stenorrhina freminvillii. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(4): 774–789 - get paper here
  • Köhler, Gunther, Fabian Schmidt, Roxane Schröter and Rahel Siemer. 1999. Untersuchungen zur Variation mehrerer Reptilienarten aus El Salvador unter Berücksichtigung der Verwendbarkeit von Pholidosemerkmalen zur individuellen Wiedererkennung. Salamandra 35 (4): 227-242 - get paper here
  • Laurent, R. 1949. Note sur quelques reptiles appartenant à la collection de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. III. Formes americaines. Bull. Inst. roy. Sci. nat. Belgique, Bruxelles, 25 (9): 1-20 [4]
  • Lee, J. C. 2000. A field guide to the amphibians and reptiles of the Maya world. Cornell University Press, Ithaca,
  • Lee, J.C. 1996. The amphibians and reptiles of the Yucatán Peninsula. Comstock, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 500 pp.
  • Liner, Ernest A. 2007. A CHECKLIST OF THE AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF MEXICO. Louisiana State University Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural Science 80: 1-60 - get paper here
  • Mata-Silva, Vicente, Jerry D. Johnson, Larry David Wilson and Elí García-Padilla. 2015. The herpetofauna of Oaxaca, Mexico: composition, physiographic distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (1): 6–62 - get paper here
  • McCranie J R 2011. The snakes of Honduras. SSAR, Salt Lake City, 725 pp.
  • McCranie, James R. 2015. A checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Honduras, with additions, comments on taxonomy, some recent taxonomic decisions, and areas of further studies needed. Zootaxa 3931 (3): 352–386 - get paper here
  • Mertens, R. 1952. Die Amphibien und Reptilien von El Salvador. Abh. senckenb. naturf. Ges. (Frankfurt) (No. 487): 120 pp.
  • MURPHY R. W., SMITH A. and NGO A. 2007. The versions of Cope's Batrachia and Reptilia of Costa Rica. Bibliotheca Herpetologica 7 (1): - get paper here
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • Palacios-Aguilar, R & Palacios-Hernández, F; 2018. Stenorrhina freminvillei (Freminville’s Scorpion-eating Snake) Reproduction. Herpetological Review 49 (4): 763 - get paper here
  • Palacios-Aguilar, Ricardo & OSCAR FLORES-VILLELA 2018. An updated checklist of the herpetofauna from Guerrero, Mexico. Zootaxa 4422 (1): 1-24 - get paper here
  • Peters, James A.; Donoso-Barros, Roberto & Orejas-Miranda, Braulio 1970. Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata: Part I Snakes. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 297: 347 pp. - get paper here
  • Ramírez-Fernández, José D. 2016. Predation of Stenorrhina freminvillei (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) by Erythrolamprus bizona Jan, 1863. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3(4): 1022–1024 - get paper here
  • Savage, J.M. 2002. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna Between Two Continents, Between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, 934 pp. [review in Copeia 2003 (1): 205]
  • Simón-Salvador, Pablo R., Elí García-Padilla, Vicente Mata-Silva and Larry David Wilson. 2016. Stenorrhina freminvillii (Duméril, Bribon and Duméril, 1854). Mexico, Oaxaca. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3(4): 1058–1059 - get paper here
  • Smith, Hobart M. & Taylor, Edward H. 1945. An annotated checklist and key to the snakes of Mexico. Bull. US Natl. Mus. (187): iv + 1-239 - get paper here
  • Solís, J. M., L. D. Wilson, and J. H. Townsend. 2014. An updated list of the amphibians and reptiles of Honduras, with comments on their nomenclature. Mesoamerican Herpetology 1: 123–144 - get paper here
  • Solorzano, A. 2004. Serpientes de Costa Rica - Snakes of Costa Rica. Editorial INBio, Costa Rica, 792 pp.
  • Sunyer, Javier 2014. An updated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Nicaragua. Mesoamerican Herpetology 1 (2): 186–202. - get paper here
  • Sunyer, Javier & José́ Gabriel Martínez-Fonseca 2023. An updated country checklist to the amphibians and reptiles of Nicaragua. REVISTA NICARAGÜENSE DE BIODIVERSIDAD (100): 1-25 - get paper here
  • Torres-Hernández, LA, Ramírez-Bautista A, Cruz-Elizalde R, Hernández-Salinas U, Berriozabal-Islas C, DeSantis DL, Johnson JD, Rocha A, García-Padilla E, Mata-Silva V, Fucsko LA, and Wilson LD. 2021. The herpetofauna of Veracruz, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 15(2) [General Section]: 72–155 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Wilson, L. D., & MEYER, J. R. 1985. The Snakes of Honduras. 2d ed. Milwaukee Publ. Mus. Contrib. Biol. & Geol. No. 6, 150 pp. - get paper here
 
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