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Teretrurus sanguineus (BEDDOME, 1867)

IUCN Red List - Teretrurus sanguineus - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaUropeltidae, Henophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Purple-red Earth Snake 
SynonymPlectrurus sanguineus BEDDOME 1867
Plectrurus scabricauda THEOBALD 1876
Plectrurus scabricauda – BEDDOME 1886: 28
Teretrurus travancoricus BEDDOME 1886: 29
Teretrurus sanguineus — BEDDOME 1886: 28
Platyplectrurus sanguineus — BOULENGER 1893: 166
Teretrurus sanguineus — SMITH 1943
Teretrurus sanguineus — GANS 1966
Teretrurus sanguineus — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 141
Teretrurus sanguiensis — GANESH & ASOKAN 2010
Teretrurus sanguineus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 714
Teretrurus sanguineus — GANESH & MURTHY 2022 
DistributionS India (Wynaad; Anaimalai hills, Travancore, 3,000— 7,400 feet, Kerala).

Type locality: "Anamallay forests; 4,000 feet elevation („above Ponachi" in B. M. catalogue) [1867 Plectrurus sanguineus BEDDOME]

Type locality: "Manantoddy, in the Wynad, elevation 2,700 feet" [Platyplectrurus hewstoni BEDDOME 1876]

Type locality: "Anamallays‘, S India [Plectrurus scabricauda TREOBALD]

Type locality: „Monntains between Travancore and Tinnerelli, above Paupanassum, 3000 to 5000 leet elevation", S India [Teretrurus travancoricus BEDDOME]  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesSyntypes: BMNH 1946.1.16.57—1946.1.16.62; MNHN RA 1895.116-118 ( (= MHNP, 3 specimens) (Plectrurus sanguineus BEDDOME 1867)
Holotype: BMNH 1946.1.15.77 (formerly 76.9.16.1) [Platyplectrurus hewstoni BEDDOME 1876]
Holotype: [Plectrurus scabricauda TREOBALD] Lost (fide GANS 1966) 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus): Teretrurus can be distinguished from all other amni- otes by the characters given for the family, and from other uropeltids by divided oculars, nasals in contact, a temporal, no mental groove, dorsal scales in 15 rows at midbody, Oberhäutchen dentitions that are 51-80% of the total cell-size (Gower 2003), and a shortened, slightly compressed tail with weakly multicarinate scales that ter- minates in a single, pointed scute (Pyron et al. 2016: 486). 
CommentType species: Plectrurus sanguineus BEDDOME 1867 is the type species of the genus Teretrurus BEDDOME 1886. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin sanguis (“blood”) +‎ -eus, for "of or relating to blood" or "bloody" or "bloodred", a reference to the (ventral) color of species. 
References
  • Beddome, R.H. 1867. Descriptions and figures of five new snakes from the Madras Presidency. Madras Quart. J. Med. Sci., 11: 14-16. [Reprint: J. Soc. Bibliogr. Nat. Sci., London, 1 (10): 315- 317, 1940.] - get paper here
  • Beddome, R.H. 1876. Description of a new species Indian snake of the genus Platyplectrurus from the Wynad. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1876: 701. - get paper here
  • Beddome, R.H. 1886. An account of the earth snakes of the Peninsula of India and Ceylon. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 17: 3-33. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. London (Taylor & Francis), 448 pp. - get paper here
  • Ganesh S. R., Asokan J. R. 2010. Catalogue of Indian herpetological specimens in the collection of the Government Museum Chennai, India. Hamadryad 35 (1): 46 – 63 - get paper here
  • Ganesh, S.R.; S. Bhupathy, P. Karthik, G. Babu Rao & S. Babu 2020. Catalogue of herpetological specimens from peninsular India at the Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology & Natural History (SACON), India. JoTT 12 (9): 16123–16135 - get paper here
  • Gans, C. 1966. Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien. Uropeltidae. Das Tierreich Lfg. 84, 29 pp.
  • Gemel, R.; G. Gassner & S. Schweiger 2019. Katalog der Typen der Herpetologischen Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien – 2018. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 121: 33–248
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
  • Palot, M.J. 2015. A checklist of reptiles of Kerala, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 7(13): 8010–8022 - get paper here
  • Pyron R. A., Ganesh S. R., Sayyed A., Sharma V., Wallach V. & Somaweera R. 2016. A catalogue and systematic overview of the shield-tailed snakes (Serpentes: Uropeltidae). [type catalogue] Zoosystema 38 (4): 453-506 - get paper here
  • Sharma, R. C. 2004. Handbook Indian Snakes. AKHIL BOOKS, New Delhi, 292 pp.
  • Smith, M.A. 1943. The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. 3 (Serpentes). Taylor and Francis, London. 583 pp.
  • Theobald,W. 1876. Descriptive catalogue of the reptiles of British India. Thacker, Spink & Co., Calcutta: xiii + 238 pp. - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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