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Trapelus ruderatus (OLIVIER, 1804)

IUCN Red List - Trapelus ruderatus - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaAgamidae (Agaminae), Sauria, Iguania, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Olivier’s (Horny-scaled) Agama, Baluch ground agama
G: Ruinenagame, Syrische Agame, Dornschuppenhautagame
F: agame à peau rugueuse 
SynonymAgama ruderata OLIVIER 1804: 395
Agama mutabilis (MERREM 1820) (part.)
Agama (Eremioplanis) lessonae DE FILIPPI 1865: 353
Trapelus ruderatus — ANDERSON 1872: 384
Agama (Trapelus) ruderata — BLANFORD 1881: 672
Trapelus ruderata — MÜLLER 1882 (1880): 163
Agama ruderata — BOULENGER 1885: 348
Agama ruderatus — MURRAY 1892: 70
Agama ruderata ruderata — SMITH 1935: 223
Agama ruderata — WERMUTH 1967: 21
Trapelus ruderatus — MOODY 1980
Agama ruderata — KREUTZ 1988
Trapelus ruderatus ruderatus — LEVITON et al. 1992: 22
Trapelus ruderatus — ENGELMANN et al 1993
Trapelus ruderatus — RASTEGAR-POUYANI 2000
Trapelus lessonae — RASTEGAR-POUYANI 2000: 91
Trapelus lessonae — SINDACO & JEREMČENKO 2008
Trapelus ruderatus — NASRABADI et al. 2017 
DistributionSoviet Union (Caucasus), S Azerbaijan, Turkey (Anatolia),
Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, N Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, N Pakistan

ruderatus: Type locality: restricted to “near Ispahan,” = Isfahan, in central Iran (ANANJEVA et al. 2013). The former type locality, established by Rastegar-Pouyani (2000), between Bandar-e-Ganaveh-Borazjan (50°45'E, 29°35'W), Bushehr Province, SW Iran, is invalid fide Ananjeva et al. 2013.

lessonae (invalid): Lebanon, Turkey (Anatolia), S Azerbaijan, Syria, Lebanon, W Jordan, Iraq, W Iran; Type locality: “Persia”  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesNeotype: MRSN = MZUT R307, adult female (formerly the holotype of T. lessonae), designated by Ananjeva et al. 2013. RASTEGAR-POUYANI 2000 and Ananjeva et al. 2013 note that the (former) holotype of Trapelus ruderatus (MNHN 2610) is a subadult T. persicus. The holotype of Trapelus lessonae (MZUT R307) is a “typical” Trapelus ruderatus ruderatus. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Nostril below canthus rostralis; dorsal scales heterogeneous, back and flanks with scales sizes intennixed; 80-121 scales around widest part of body; upper surface o f thIgh wIth patch o f enlarged scales among smaller scales; callose preanal scales in two or three rows; small patch ofscales on neckjust posterior to occiput in which direction o f imbrication is reversed, i.e., with anterior margins imbricate; males without gular sac (from Anderson 1999: 108). 
CommentSynonymy: BOULENGER (1885) listed three species in the synonymy of Agama ruderata Olivier, 1804, a species known as Trapelus ruderatus following Moody’s (1980) revision: (1) Agama mutabilis, in part, a distinct, valid species; (2) Agama loricata Reuss, 1834, now considered a junior synonym of Trapelus mutabilis (Merrem, 1820); and (3) Agama lessonae De Filippi, 1865, a junior objective synonym of Agama ruderata Olivier, 1804. RASTEGAR-POUYANI (2000) suggested that populations long identified as Trapelus persicus (Blanford, 1881) should have to be known as Trapelus ruderatus (Olivier, 1804), and designated a lectotype and type locality. Populations formerly known as Trapelus ruderatus should come under the name Trapelus lessonae (De Filippi, 1865), the second available name for this taxon. However, RASTEGAR-POUYANI (2000) overlooked the fact that Agama ruderata had not been described from a single specimen but also from the specimen depicted in the Atlas of Oliver (1804: Pl. 29: Fig. 3). ANANJEVA et al. (2013) showed that this specimen was distinct from the alleged “holotype” and indeed referable to Agama ruderata as currently conceived. As a consequence, ANANJEVA et al. (2013), in agreement with the Code, designated a neotype for A. ruderata in order to resolve the problems of nomenclature and avoid further complications and confusions. For several reasons, these authors selected the holotype of Agama lessonae De Filippi 1865, a “typical” Trapelus ruderatus ruderatus; A. lessonae De Filippi in 1865 became thus an objective junior synonym of A. ruderata Olivier, 1804.

Types: RASTEGAR-POUYANI (2000) showed that the specimen considered to be the holotype of Agama ruderata (MNHN 2610) was in fact referable to another species, Trapelus persicus (Blanford, 1881) (see ANDERSON, 1999). See also synonymy.

Distribution: not in Turkey fide SINDACO & JEREMCENKO 2008. However, these authors do recognize T. lessonae. See map in SMID et al. 2014 for distribution in Iran. Not in Afghanistan fide Wagner et al. 2017. Not in Israel where it is replaced by T. agnetae.

Phylogenetics: T. ruderatus is a complex of multiple populations that may be split up into separate species eventually. See map and phylogeny in Yousefabadi et al. 2021 for details.

NCBI taxonID: 2689121 [lessonae] 
References
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