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Tropidurus lagunablanca CARVALHO, 2016

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Higher TaxaTropiduridae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymTropidurus lagunablanca CARVALHO 2016
Tropidurus tarara CARVALHO 2016
Tropidurus teyumirim CARVALHO 2016
Tropidurus spinulosus — PERACCA 1895
Tropidurus spinulosus — SCHENKEL 1901
Tropidurus spinulosus — BERTONI 1939
Tropidurus spinulosus — HELLMICH 1960
Tropidurus spinulosus — ELTER 1981
Tropidurus sp. — AQUINO et al. 1996 [part.]
Tropidurus spinulosus guarani — ALVAREZ et al. 1994: 164
Tropidurus guarani — FROST et al. 1998: 839 [part.]
Tropidurus guarani — FROST et al. 2001: 361
Tropidurus guarani — CARVALHO 2013 [part.]
Tropidurus guarani — CACCIALI et al. 2016 [part.]
Tropidurus cf xanthochilus — SMITH et al. 2016
Tropidurus tarara — CARVALHO 2016
Tropidurus sp. 1 — CACCIALI et al. 2016
Tropidurus lagunablanca — CACCIALI & KÖHLER 2018 
DistributionCE Paraguay, Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul fide Costa & Bérnils 2018)

Type locality: Reserva Natural Laguna Blanca, Santa Rosa del Aguaray, San Pedro, Paraguay, 23° 48′ 43.20′′ S 56° 17′ 40.92′′ W, WGS 84 system; ~207 m elevation.

tarara: N Paraguay (east of the Paraguay River); Type locality: Reserva Natural Cerrados del Tagatiya, Concepción, Paraguay, 22° 41’ 32.611’’ S, 57° 22’ 9.574’’ W, WGS84 system; ~166 m elevation.

teyumirim: Paraguay; Type locality: Parque Nacional Ybycui, Paraguarí, Paraguay, 26° 2’ 59.715’’ S, 56° 52’ 12.809′′ W, WGS84 system; ~229 m elevation.  
Reproductionoviparous (manual imputation, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: CZPLT-H 402 (adult male; geographic coordinates not specified in the CZPLT catalog, estimated based on field observations of the restricted local distribution of the species in the type locality in September 2013). Paratypes: AMNH-R 176291 (juvenile male), AMNH-R 176292 (adult female), collected at Reserva Natural Laguna Blanca, Santa Rosa del Aguaray, San Pedro, Paraguay (23° 48′ 43.20′′ S 56° 17′ 40.92′′ W, WGS84 system; ~207 m above sea level) by André L. Gomes de Carvalho, Frederick Bauer, Nicolás Martínez, Viviana Espínola, and Marcelo Dujak in 7 September 2013. AMNH-R 176293 (adult female), collected at Reserva Natural Laguna Blanca, Santa Rosa del Aguaray, San Pedro, Paraguay (23° 48′ 43.20′′ S 56° 17′ 40.92′′ W, WGS84 system; ~207 m above sea level) by André L. Gomes de Carvalho, Rodrigo Ayala, and Johanna López in 29 September 2013. CZPLT-H 157, CZPLT-H 406, CZPLT-H 409, CZPLT-H 461 (adult males), CZPLT-H 405 (juvenile male), collected at Reserva Natural Laguna Blanca, Santa Rosa del Aguaray, San Pedro, Paraguay. MNHNP 11463 (adult male), collected at Laguna Blanca, San Pedro, Paraguay, by Norman J. Scott in 18 February 2010. MNHNP 11755 (juvenile male), MNHNP 11756 (subadult male), collected at Reserva Natural Laguna Blanca, Santa Rosa del Aguaray, San Pedro, Paraguay (23° 48′ 43.20′′ S 56° 17′ 40.92′′ W, WGS84 system; ~207 m above sea level), by André L. Gomes de Carvalho, Rodrigo Ayala, and Johanna López in 29 September 2013.
Holotype: MNHNP 12044, adult male (Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay, San Lorenzo), collected by André L. G. de Carvalho, Pastor Enmanuel Perez-Estigarribia, Rodrigo Ayala, Johanna López, and Nestor Romero in 20 September 2013. Paratypes: AMNH-R 176304 (adult male), AMNH-R 176305 (adult female), MNHNP 11771 (subadult male), collected with the holotype. AMNH-R 176307 (adult male), AMNH-R 176308 (juvenile of undetermined sex), AMNH-R 176309 (adult female), MNHNP 11772 (adult male), MNHNP 11773 (subadult male), MNHNP 11774 (adult male), MNHNP 11775 (adult male), MNHNP 11776 (adult male), collected at Loma farm corral, Reserva Natural Cerrados del Tagatiya, Concepción, Paraguay (22° 31’ 5.495’’ S 57° 22’ 21.219’’ W, WGS84 system; ~377 m above sea level), by André L. G. de Carvalho, Pastor Enmanuel Perez-Estigarribia, Rodrigo Ayala, Johanna López, and Nestor Romero in 20 September 2013. AMNH-R 176310 (juvenile of undetermined sex), AMNH-R 176311 (adult male), MNHNP 11767 (subadult male), collected at Estancia Bello Horizonte pathway, Ñu Porã, Reserva Natural Cerrados del Tagatiya, Concepción, Paraguay (22° 45’ 5.350’’ S 57° 22’ 17.198’’ W, WGS84 system; 200 m above sea level), by André L. G. de Carvalho, Pastor Enmanuel Perez-Estigarribia, Rodrigo Ayala, Johanna López, and Nestor Romero in 21 September 2013. MNHNP 11766 (juvenile female), collected at Estancia Bello Horizonte pathway, Ñu Porã, Reserva Natural Cerrados del Tagatiya, Concepción, Paraguay (22° 47’ 26.34’’ S 57° 24’ 13.28’’ W, WGS84 system; 200 m above sea level), by André L. G. de Carvalho, Pastor Enmanuel Perez-Estigarribia, Rodrigo Ayala, Johanna López, and Nestor Romero in 21 September 2013. AMNH-R 176312 (adult male), AMNH-R 176313 (adult male), MNHNP 11768 (juvenile female), collected at the Parque Nacional Serranía San Luís (22° 38′ 54.056′′ S 57° 27′ 11.602′′ W, WGS84 system; 285 m above sea level), by André L. G. de Carvalho, Pastor Enmanuel Perez-Estigarribia, Rodrigo Ayala, Johanna López, and Nestor Romero in 21 September 2013.Holotype: MNHNP 12044, adult male (Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay, San Lorenzo), collected by André L. G. de Carvalho, Pastor Enmanuel Perez-Estigarribia, Rodrigo Ayala, Johanna López, and Nestor Romero in 20 September 2013. Paratypes: AMNH-R 176304 (adult male), AMNH-R 176305 (adult female), MNHNP 11771 (subadult male), collected with the holotype. AMNH-R 176307 (adult male), AMNH-R 176308 (juvenile of undetermined sex), AMNH-R 176309 (adult female), MNHNP 11772 (adult male), MNHNP 11773 (subadult male), MNHNP 11774 (adult male), MNHNP 11775 (adult male), MNHNP 11776 (adult male), collected at Loma farm corral, Reserva Natural Cerrados del Tagatiya, Concepción, Paraguay (22° 31’ 5.495’’ S 57° 22’ 21.219’’ W, WGS84 system; ~377 m above sea level), by André L. G. de Carvalho, Pastor Enmanuel Perez-Estigarribia, Rodrigo Ayala, Johanna López, and Nestor Romero in 20 September 2013. AMNH-R 176310 (juvenile of undetermined sex), AMNH-R 176311 (adult male), MNHNP 11767 (subadult male), collected at Estancia Bello Horizonte pathway, Ñu Porã, Reserva Natural Cerrados del Tagatiya, Concepción, Paraguay (22° 45’ 5.350’’ S 57° 22’ 17.198’’ W, WGS84 system; 200 m above sea level), by André L. G. de Carvalho, Pastor Enmanuel Perez-Estigarribia, Rodrigo Ayala, Johanna López, and Nestor Romero in 21 September 2013. MNHNP 11766 (juvenile female), collected at Estancia Bello Horizonte pathway, Ñu Porã, Reserva Natural Cerrados del Tagatiya, Concepción, Paraguay (22° 47’ 26.34’’ S 57° 24’ 13.28’’ W, WGS84 system; 200 m above sea level), by André L. G. de Carvalho, Pastor Enmanuel Perez-Estigarribia, Rodrigo Ayala, Johanna López, and Nestor Romero in 21 September 2013. AMNH-R 176312 (adult male), AMNH-R 176313 (adult male), MNHNP 11768 (juvenile female), collected at the Parque Nacional Serranía San Luís (22° 38′ 54.056′′ S 57° 27′ 11.602′′ W, WGS84 system; 285 m above sea level), by André L. G. de Carvalho, Pastor Enmanuel Perez-Estigarribia, Rodrigo Ayala, Johanna López, and Nestor Romero in 21 September 2013 [tarara]
Holotype: MNHNP 12045, adult male (Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay, San Lorenzo), collected by André L. G. de Carvalho, Frederick Bauer, Nicolás Martínez, Viviana Espínola, and Marcelo Dujak in 10 August 2013 Paratypes: AMNH-R 176285 (adult female), MNHNP 11752–53 (two juveniles of undetermined sex), collected with the holotype; AMNH-R 176286 (adult male; 26° 3′ 9.529′′ S, 56° 48′ 28.357′′ W, WGS84 system; 201 m above sea level), AMNH-R 176287 (juvenile female; 26° 3′ 6.559′′ S, 56° 48′ 29.570′′ W, WGS84 system; 205 m above sea level), MNHNP 11754 (juvenile of undetermined sex; 26° 3′ 6.48′′ S, 56° 48′ 29.52′′ W, WGS84 system; 205 m above sea level), collected in Salto Mbocarusu, Parque Nacional Ybycui, Paraguarí, Paraguay, by André L. G. de Carvalho, Frederick Bauer, Nicolás Martínez, Viviana Espínola, Marcelo Dujak, Alejandro Bonzi, and Camila Corvalan in 11 August 2013. MNHNP 4361 (adult male), collected at the Parque Nacional Ybycui, Arroyo Corrientes, Salto Mbocaruzú, Paraguarí, Paraguay, by L. Fitzgerald in 1 May 1981. MNHNP 4383 (adult male), collected at the Parque Nacional Ybycui, Arroyo Corrientes, Salto Mbocaruzú, Paraguarí, Paraguay, by L. Fitzgerald and J. Fillion in 18 April 1981. MNHNP 4386 (adult female) and MNHNP 4388 (adult male) collected at the Parque Nacional Ybycui, Arroyo Corrientes, Salto Mbocaruzú, Paraguarí, Paraguay, by L. Fitzgerald in 23 January 1981. MNHNP 8505 (adult female), MNHNP 8508 (adult male), MNHNP 8509 (adult female), and MNHNP 8510 (adult female) collected at the Parque Nacional Ybycui, Arroyo Corrientes, Saltos Mbocaruzú Paraguarí, Paraguay, by L. Fitzgerald between 17–23 April 1981. MNHNP 8506 (adult female) and MNHNP 8507 (adult male) collected at the Parque Nacional Ybycui, Arroyo Corrientes, 2 km NO de Saltos, Paraguarí, Paraguay, by L. Fitzgerald between 22–23 January 1981 [teyumirim] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Tropidurus lagunablanca, n. sp., may be distinguished from all congeners by the following combination of characteristics: (1) adult large and robust, reaching 113.09 and 94.59 mm SVL in males and females, respectively; (2) iris golden brown; (3) strongly projecting, serrate vertebral crest in males, reduced in females; (4) 1–2 canthals; (5) preocular not contacting canthal; (6) two rows of circumorbitals; (7) moderate tufts of neck spines; (8) high number of scales around midbody (100–113 in males and 107–114 in females); (9) sexes not extraordinarily dimorphic in body proportions, scutellation, and color pattern; (10) bright yellow lips in males; (11) orange coloration on the neck, posterior and lateral head (small greenish-blue spots, usually 2–3 scales in size, distributed frontally), extending posteriorly to form a vertebral stripe in males; (12) dorsum and flanks with gray background decorated with numerous greenish-blue light specks one scale in size or smaller, and irregular dark spots; (13) venter of head with dark and/or burnt orange spots, never exhibiting dark bars on the chin connected with a dark medial patch; (14) creamy yellow flash marks on the underside of the thighs and precloacal flap; (15) arboreal habits. 
CommentIllustrations: CARVALHO 2016.

Abundance: only known from its original description (Meiri et al. 2017).

Synonymy: mostly after Cacciali & Köhler 2018 who synonymized T. tarara and T. teyumirim with T. lagunablanca based on low genetic differentiation and overall morphological similarity.

NCBI taxID: 2052814 [tarara]
NCBI taxID: 2052823 [teyumirim] 
EtymologyThe epithet lagunablanca, an indeclinable word, refers to the type locality of the new species, the Reserva Natural Laguna Blanca, located in Santa Rosa del Aguaray, Department of San Pedro, Paraguay.

The specific epithet tarara (pronounced ta-ra-rá) is an indeclinable word. In Guarani language, “tarara” is both a verb and a noun that refers to making strong, repetitive sounds (or to the sound itself) by clattering the teeth. The word tarara is also employed colloquially as an adjective meaning “unquiet” or “restless.” The epithet “tarara” makes reference to this colloquial meaning, and alludes to the remarkable behavior of T. tarara, n. sp. (and other congeners), which use series of head bobs and body push-ups for visual communication and territorial displays.

The specific epithet, teyumirim, is a newly coined, indeclinable word derived from the juxtaposition of the noun teyu (= “lizard”) and the adjective mirim (= “little”), literally meaning “little lizard,” in Guarani language. The name alludes to the reduced size of T. teyumirim, n. sp., the smallest species of the T. spinulosus species group known to date. 
References
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  • Aquino, Aida Luz; Norman J. Scott & Martha Motte 1996. Lista de Anfibios y Reptiles del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural do Paraguay (Mano, 1980 - Setiembre, 1995). In: Romero, O.R. (ed.), Coleccion de Flora y Fauna del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay, Asuncion, pp. 331-400
  • Bertoni, A. de W. 1939. Catálogos sistemáticos de los vertebrados de Paraguay. Revista de la Sociedad Científica del Paraguay, 4, 3–60
  • Bol, Steven 2011. Exciting observations on two sympatric garter snakes in La Laguna de Chapala, Mexico. Litteratura Serpentium 31 (1): 5-42 - get paper here
  • CACCIALI, PIER & GUNTHER KÖHLER 2018. Diversity of Tropidurus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) in Paraguay—an integrative taxonomic approach based on morphological and molecular genetic evidence. Zootaxa 4375 (4): 511–536 - get paper here
  • Cacciali, Pier; Norman J. Scott, Aida Luz Aquino Ortíz, Lee A. Fitzgerald, and Paul Smith 2016. The Reptiles of Paraguay: Literature, Distribution, and an Annotated Taxonomic Checklist. SPECIAL PUBLICATION OF THE MUSEUM OF SOUTHWESTERN BIOLOGY, NUMBER 11: 1–373 - get paper here
  • Carvalho, André Luiz G. 2016. Three New Species of the Tropidurus spinulosus Group (Squamata: Tropiduridae) from Eastern Paraguay. American Museum Novitates (3853): 1-44 - get paper here
  • CARVALHO, ANDRÉ LUIZ GOMES DE 2013. On the distribution and conservation of the South American lizard genus Tropidurus Wied-Neuwied, 1825 (Squamata: Tropiduridae). Zootaxa 3640 (1): 042–056 - get paper here
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  • Frost, Darrel R.;Crafts, Heather M.;Fitzgerald, Lee A.;Titus, Tom A. 1998. Geographic variation, species recognition, and molecular evolution of Cytochrome Oxidase I in the Tropidurus spinulosis complex (Iguania: Tropiduridae). Copeia 1998 (4): 839-851 - get paper here
  • Hellmich, Walter 1960. Die Sauria des Gran Chaco und seiner Randgebiete. Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse (101): 1-131
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  • Peracca, M.G. 1895. Viaggio del dott. Alfredo Borelli nella Repubblica Argentina e nel Paraguay. X. Rettili ed anfibi. Boll. Mus. Zool. Univ. Torino 10 (195): 1-32
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  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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